Pebane fire, 23 October 2021 Pebane
The fire started on 23 October 2021 in Pebane, Mozambique, and satellites saw it burning for 33 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 18,797 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 81th largest in Zambézia since 2016 (of 839 with a page). Number 5 in Mozambique in 2021, of 233.
Compare with…
Suggestions: Pebane · 2016Pebane · 2019Pebane · 2019Pebane · 2018
- Burnt area
- 18,797ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 33days
- 23 Oct 2021 – 24 Nov 2021
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- districts
- Started on
- 23 Oct
- 2021
- Heat detections
- 1,186
- in a single hotspot: 235 MW
- Danger at start
- 27
- High · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 453MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone one day without rain (1 mm or more) when it started. Rain came after the fire: 25.9 mm on 25 Nov.
This area had burned before
76% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 6,276 ha in 2016, 4,766 ha in 2017, 4,185 ha in 2018, 9,583 ha in 2019, 5,062 ha in 2020. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 14,344 ha that had burned before.
- 4,620 ha Pebane fire, October 2016 14,294 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 3,394 ha Pebane fire, November 2019 4,104 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,963 ha Pebane fire, October 2019 3,021 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,106 ha Pebane fire, October 2018 3,574 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 358 ha Pebane fire, October 2020 3,251 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Pebane where it started18,925 ha reached on 23 Oct1.9 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2020Inside the perimeter there were about 17 hectares of built-up land and about 3,400 residents (GHSL 2020, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23 Oct | 35.1 °C | 33 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 27 |
| 24 Oct | 37.7 °C | 25 % | 47 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 38 |
| 25 Oct | 33.2 °C | 49 % | 43 km/h | 0.8 mm | High 21 |
| 26 Oct | 34.0 °C | 43 % | 39 km/h | 0.2 mm | High 24 |
| 27 Oct | 31.4 °C | 54 % | 45 km/h | 0.4 mm | High 25 |
| 28 Oct | 28.3 °C | 55 % | 53 km/h | 0.7 mm | Moderate 20 |
| 29 Oct | 27.6 °C | 44 % | 45 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 23 |
| 30 Oct | 30.8 °C | 39 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 25 |
| 31 Oct | 34.6 °C | 40 % | 46 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 29 |
| 1 Nov | 36.5 °C | 35 % | 38 km/h | 0.5 mm | High 29 |
| 2 Nov | 39.0 °C | 31 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 3 Nov | 38.4 °C | 26 % | 45 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
| 4 Nov | 36.2 °C | 29 % | 47 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
| 5 Nov | 33.0 °C | 46 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 31 |
| 6 Nov | 32.6 °C | 50 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 28 |
| 7 Nov | 34.5 °C | 35 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 31 |
| 8 Nov | 37.1 °C | 26 % | 53 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 45 |
| 9 Nov | 40.6 °C | 22 % | 44 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 10 Nov | 38.3 °C | 27 % | 56 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 53 |
| 11 Nov | 34.7 °C | 45 % | 45 km/h | 0.5 mm | High 35 |
| 12 Nov | 33.3 °C | 47 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 30 |
| 13 Nov | 35.5 °C | 37 % | 42 km/h | 0.8 mm | High 32 |
| 14 Nov | 37.2 °C | 30 % | 48 km/h | 0.1 mm | Very high 40 |
| 15 Nov | 33.8 °C | 41 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 16 Nov | 33.7 °C | 52 % | 34 km/h | 0.8 mm | High 22 |
| 17 Nov | 38.0 °C | 26 % | 44 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
| 18 Nov | 40.2 °C | 18 % | 48 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 55 |
| 19 Nov | 39.8 °C | 22 % | 53 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 57 |
| 20 Nov | 36.0 °C | 32 % | 49 km/h | 0.1 mm | Very high 48 |
| 21 Nov | 34.0 °C | 48 % | 37 km/h | 1.2 mm | High 22 |
| 22 Nov | 33.7 °C | 53 % | 36 km/h | 0.6 mm | High 22 |
| 23 Nov | 36.4 °C | 45 % | 42 km/h | 0.3 mm | High 28 |
| 24 Nov | 38.4 °C | 32 % | 46 km/h | 1.4 mm | High 34 |
| 25 Nov after | 27.7 °C | 82 % | 36 km/h | 25.9 mm | Very low 0 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
Detections table · 1,186Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 37,569 haPebane 7 October 2026 · 22 days · 22 km away
- 14,484 haPebane 7 October 2026 · 22 days · 24 km away
- 25,462 haPebane1 September 2024 · 21 days · 32 km away
- 19,106 haPebane16 September 2023 · 31 days · 34 km away
- 21,787 haPebane5 October 2022 · 18 days · 38 km away
- 26,957 haPebane3 September 2025 · 28 days · 40 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Pebane fire last?
- According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 23 October 2021 to 24 November 2021 (33 days). The perimeter dates it from 30 October 2021 to 19 November 2021.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 18,797 hectares (188.0 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Pebane (18,925 ha, 1.9 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 40.6 °C, humidity dropped to 18 % and gusts hit 56 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 57, class Extreme.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Mozambique (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Satellite cross-check
History of this page · 2 Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
- Last day with fire: 19 November 2021 → 24 November 2021.
- Start date: 30 October 2021 → 23 October 2021.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery; 2 polygons grouped in this page.
- Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 30 October 2021 to 19 November 2021. 1,186 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2020, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.