Ezo fire, 24 December 2025 Ezo, Nzara
The fire started on 24 December 2025 in Ezo, South Sudan, and satellites saw it burning for 17 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 22,203 hectares from heat detections, spread across 2 municipalities.
It is the 51th largest in Western Equatoria since 2016 (of 359 with a page). Number 44 in South Sudan in 2025, of 292.
Compare with…
Suggestions: Ezo · 2018Ezo · 2022Ezo · 2016Ezo · 2016
- Burnt area
- 22,203ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 17days
- 24 Dec 2025 – 9 Jan 2026
- Municipalities hit
- 2
- counties
- Started on
- 24 Dec
- 2025
- Heat detections
- 604
- in a single hotspot: 199 MW
- Danger at start
- 32
- High · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 437MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone 50 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
100% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 15,887 ha in 2016, 6,638 ha in 2017, 7,443 ha in 2018, 2,658 ha in 2019, 17,191 ha in 2020, 2,827 ha in 2021, 13,350 ha in 2022, 3,400 ha in 2023, 12,469 ha in 2024. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 22,206 ha that had burned before.
- 7,238 ha Ezo fire, December 2018 9,151 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 6,264 ha Ezo fire, December 2022 9,820 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 4,247 ha Ezo fire, December 2016 7,078 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 4,065 ha Ezo fire, December 2016 15,095 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 2,233 ha Nzara fire, December 2017 14,605 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 2,208 ha Ezo fire, January 2020 10,339 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 2,017 ha Ezo fire, January 2020 10,642 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,610 ha Ezo fire, December 2022 34,202 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Ezo where it started17,630 ha reached on 24 Dec2.2 %
-
4,730 ha reached on 24 Dec0.7 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2025Inside the perimeter there was no noticeable built-up land and almost nobody lived there (GHSL 2025, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned. The GHSL 2025 epoch is a projection made from 2020 and earlier data.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 24 Dec | 34.8 °C | 25 % | 21 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 32 |
| 25 Dec | 35.0 °C | 23 % | 21 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 26 Dec | 34.2 °C | 27 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 27 Dec | 36.0 °C | 20 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 39 |
| 28 Dec | 33.5 °C | 17 % | 19 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 38 |
| 29 Dec | 32.5 °C | 27 % | 25 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 37 |
| 30 Dec | 32.6 °C | 26 % | 22 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 38 |
| 31 Dec | 32.8 °C | 16 % | 22 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 41 |
| 1 Jan | 33.9 °C | 16 % | 20 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
| 2 Jan | 36.4 °C | 22 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 45 |
| 3 Jan | 35.3 °C | 22 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 4 Jan | 36.2 °C | 15 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 5 Jan | 35.6 °C | 17 % | 22 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 6 Jan | 35.6 °C | 19 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 7 Jan | 35.8 °C | 20 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 8 Jan | 36.8 °C | 17 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 9 Jan | 35.9 °C | 19 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 10 Jan after | 34.8 °C | 19 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 50 |
| 11 Jan after | 35.0 °C | 20 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 12 Jan after | 36.0 °C | 19 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 13 Jan after | 35.8 °C | 19 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 51 |
| 14 Jan after | 35.0 °C | 20 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 53 |
| 15 Jan after | 34.9 °C | 21 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 16 Jan after | 34.4 °C | 18 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 50 |
| 17 Jan after | 35.7 °C | 16 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 18 Jan after | 36.1 °C | 16 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 19 Jan after | 36.2 °C | 16 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 51 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 31 December 2025 the air beside the fire reached 154 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 101: 6.7 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 604Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 21,663 haEzo10 December 2025 · 23 days · 18 km away
- 18,875 haNzaraDecember 2024 · 31 days · 29 km away
- 34,202 haEzo20 December 2022 · 32 days · 32 km away
- 51,661 haNzaraDecember 2019 · 38 days · 34 km away
- 91,824 haNagero19 December 2024 · 30 days · 37 km away
- 35,433 haEzo17 December 2021 · 28 days · 39 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Ezo fire last?
- According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 24 December 2025 to 9 January 2026 (17 days). The perimeter dates it from 30 December 2025 to 8 January 2026.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 22,203 hectares (222.0 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire entered 2 municipalities: Ezo (17,630 ha, 2.2 %); Nzara (4,730 ha, 0.7 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 36.8 °C, humidity dropped to 15 % and gusts hit 34 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 48, class Very high.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of South Sudan (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Satellite cross-check
History of this page · 2 Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
- Last day with fire: 8 January 2026 → 9 January 2026.
- Start date: 30 December 2025 → 24 December 2025.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery; 2 polygons grouped in this page.
- Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 30 December 2025 to 8 January 2026. 604 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2025, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.