Ezo fire, 10 December 2025 Ezo, Tambura
The fire started on 10 December 2025 in Ezo, South Sudan, and satellites saw it burning for 16 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 21,663 hectares from heat detections, spread across 2 municipalities.
It is the 54th largest in Western Equatoria since 2016 (of 361 with a page). Number 47 in South Sudan in 2025, of 292.
Compare with…
Suggestions: Ezo · 2016Ezo · 2019Ezo · 2024Tambura · 2020
- Burnt area
- 21,663ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 16days
- 10 Dec 2025 – 25 Dec 2025
- Municipalities hit
- 2
- counties
- Started on
- 10 Dec
- 2025
- Heat detections
- 471
- in a single hotspot: 199 MW
- Danger at start
- 25
- High · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 373MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone 36 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
93% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 9,815 ha in 2016, 2,998 ha in 2017, 1,282 ha in 2018, 6,002 ha in 2019, 6,911 ha in 2020, 3,233 ha in 2021, 2,692 ha in 2022, 2,654 ha in 2023, 11,645 ha in 2024. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 20,201 ha that had burned before.
- 4,777 ha Ezo fire, December 2016 6,249 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 4,428 ha Ezo fire, December 2019 5,593 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 3,154 ha Ezo fire, December 2024 5,786 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,617 ha Tambura fire, January 2020 5,071 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,424 ha Ezo fire, December 2022 9,820 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,266 ha Ezo fire, December 2022 34,202 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 785 ha Ezo fire, January 2020 10,339 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 524 ha Ezo fire, December 2018 9,151 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Ezo where it started18,927 ha reached on 10 Dec2.3 %
-
2,886 ha reached on 10 Dec0.2 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2025Inside the perimeter there was no noticeable built-up land and almost nobody lived there (GHSL 2025, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned. The GHSL 2025 epoch is a projection made from 2020 and earlier data.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 Dec | 32.5 °C | 37 % | 25 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 25 |
| 11 Dec | 34.0 °C | 23 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 30 |
| 12 Dec | 33.7 °C | 22 % | 29 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 31 |
| 13 Dec | 33.0 °C | 22 % | 29 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 31 |
| 14 Dec | 33.8 °C | 22 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 33 |
| 15 Dec | 32.0 °C | 27 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 32 |
| 16 Dec | 32.6 °C | 20 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 17 Dec | 33.4 °C | 20 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 18 Dec | 33.0 °C | 19 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 19 Dec | 33.3 °C | 20 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 37 |
| 20 Dec | 34.0 °C | 20 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 33 |
| 21 Dec | 35.2 °C | 22 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 22 Dec | 33.9 °C | 24 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 23 Dec | 33.6 °C | 34 % | 25 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 30 |
| 24 Dec | 34.9 °C | 25 % | 21 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 30 |
| 25 Dec | 35.1 °C | 23 % | 21 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 32 |
| 26 Dec after | 34.3 °C | 27 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 33 |
| 27 Dec after | 36.1 °C | 20 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 36 |
| 28 Dec after | 33.6 °C | 17 % | 19 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 29 Dec after | 32.6 °C | 27 % | 25 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 30 Dec after | 32.7 °C | 26 % | 22 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 31 Dec after | 32.9 °C | 16 % | 22 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 39 |
| 1 Jan after | 34.0 °C | 16 % | 20 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 39 |
| 2 Jan after | 36.5 °C | 22 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
| 3 Jan after | 35.4 °C | 22 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
| 4 Jan after | 36.3 °C | 15 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 28 December 2025 the air beside the fire reached 151 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 85: 5.7 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 471Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 34,202 haEzo27 December 2022 · 20 days · 18 km away
- 22,203 haEzo30 December 2025 · 10 days · 18 km away
- 91,824 haNagero20 December 2024 · 29 days · 26 km away
- 35,433 haEzo20 December 2021 · 22 days · 31 km away
- 26,389 haEzo7 January 2024 · 10 days · 33 km away
- 72,777 haEzo22 December 2019 · 25 days · 38 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Ezo fire last?
- GWIS (Copernicus) dates it between 10 December 2025 and 25 December 2025: 16 days between the first and last heat detection of the perimeter.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 21,663 hectares (216.6 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire entered 2 municipalities: Ezo (18,927 ha, 2.3 %); Tambura (2,886 ha, 0.2 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 35.2 °C, humidity dropped to 19 % and gusts hit 34 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 37, class High.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of South Sudan (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Satellite cross-check
History of this page Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
No changes since 24 October 2026.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates from the perimeter: the VIIRS detections inside it did not change them. 471 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2025, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.