Centenário fire, August 2024 Centenário, Rio Sono, Lizarda
The fire started on 14 August 2024 in Centenário, Brazil, and satellites saw it burning for 26 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 77,325 hectares from heat detections, spread across 3 municipalities.
It is the 7th largest in Tocantins since 2016 (of 1243 with a page). Number 31 in Brazil in 2024, of 1301.
Compare with…
- Burnt area
- 77,325ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 26days
- 14 Aug 2024 – 8 Sept 2024
- Municipalities hit
- 3
- municipalities
- Started on
- 14 Aug
- 2024
- Heat detections
- 2,458
- in a single hotspot: 335 MW
- Danger at start
- 43
- Very high · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 966MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone more than two months without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
76% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 3,582 ha in 2016, 22,315 ha in 2017, 2,578 ha in 2019, 41,567 ha in 2020, 22,684 ha in 2022, 2,206 ha in 2023. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 58,737 ha that had burned before.
- 28,998 ha Rio Sono fire, August 2020 72,342 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 5,530 ha Centenário fire, September 2020 12,419 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 5,381 ha Rio Sono fire, September 2022 7,624 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 5,333 ha Rio Sono fire, September 2017 16,040 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 3,199 ha Centenário fire, October 2017 3,609 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 3,156 ha Rio Sono fire, July 2017 4,269 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 2,513 ha Centenário fire, September 2017 3,797 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,721 ha Rio Sono fire, July 2022 4,696 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
41,601 ha reached on 14 Aug21 %
-
Rio Sono 4,841 inhabitants35,745 ha reached on 19 Aug5.6 %
-
Lizarda 2,999 inhabitants450 ha reached on 29 Aug0.1 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2025Inside the perimeter there were about 2.0 hectares of built-up land and about 150 residents (GHSL 2025, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned. The GHSL 2025 epoch is a projection made from 2020 and earlier data.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14 Aug | 35.5 °C | 29 % | 39 km/h | 0.1 mm | Very high 43 |
| 15 Aug | 35.6 °C | 29 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 43 |
| 16 Aug | 36.7 °C | 23 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 17 Aug | 35.8 °C | 24 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 18 Aug | 36.4 °C | 21 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 19 Aug | 36.2 °C | 21 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 20 Aug | 36.7 °C | 20 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 21 Aug | 37.2 °C | 21 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
| 22 Aug | 38.0 °C | 18 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 51 |
| 23 Aug | 36.9 °C | 17 % | 45 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 56 |
| 24 Aug | 36.5 °C | 20 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 25 Aug | 37.8 °C | 20 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
| 26 Aug | 38.3 °C | 16 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 27 Aug | 39.0 °C | 14 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 50 |
| 28 Aug | 37.1 °C | 12 % | 53 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 68 |
| 29 Aug | 35.8 °C | 20 % | 53 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 67 |
| 30 Aug | 35.8 °C | 22 % | 49 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 60 |
| 31 Aug | 36.3 °C | 21 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 54 |
| 1 Sept | 36.7 °C | 19 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 55 |
| 2 Sept | 37.5 °C | 13 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 58 |
| 3 Sept | 37.5 °C | 15 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 4 Sept | 39.6 °C | 7 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 62 |
| 5 Sept | 39.0 °C | 9 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 62 |
| 6 Sept | 38.5 °C | 12 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 64 |
| 7 Sept | 38.5 °C | 14 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 62 |
| 8 Sept | 38.4 °C | 15 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 64 |
| 9 Sept after | 37.5 °C | 16 % | 46 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 65 |
| 10 Sept after | 37.4 °C | 15 % | 44 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 65 |
| 11 Sept after | 38.3 °C | 17 % | 45 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 64 |
| 12 Sept after | 38.2 °C | 18 % | 45 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 63 |
| 13 Sept after | 38.7 °C | 13 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 61 |
| 14 Sept after | 37.9 °C | 16 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 58 |
| 15 Sept after | 38.7 °C | 16 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 61 |
| 16 Sept after | 39.1 °C | 17 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 54 |
| 17 Sept after | 40.0 °C | 15 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 57 |
| 18 Sept after | 39.3 °C | 16 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 56 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 7 September 2024 the air beside the fire reached 73 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 39: 2.6 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 2,458Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Centenário fire last?
- According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 14 August 2024 to 8 September 2024 (26 days). The perimeter dates it from 14 August 2024 to 7 September 2024.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 77,325 hectares (773.2 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire entered 3 municipalities: Centenário (41,601 ha, 21 %); Rio Sono (35,745 ha, 5.6 %); Lizarda (450 ha, 0.1 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 39.6 °C, humidity dropped to 7 % and gusts hit 53 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 68, class Extreme.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Brazil (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 193 · Emergency number and official warnings ›
Satellite cross-check
History of this page · 1 Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
- Last day with fire: 7 September 2024 → 8 September 2024.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery; 3 polygons grouped in this page.
- Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 14 August 2024 to 7 September 2024. 2,458 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2025, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.