Amuru fire, 4 December 2021 Amuru, Debre Elias
The fire started on 4 December 2021 in Amuru, Ethiopia, and satellites saw it burning for 10 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 4,169 hectares from heat detections, spread across 2 municipalities.
It is the 55th largest in Oromia since 2016 (of 264 with a page). Number 75 in Ethiopia in 2021, of 256.
Compare with…
- Burnt area
- 4,169ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 10days
- 4 Dec 2021 – 13 Dec 2021
- Municipalities hit
- 2
- districts
- Started on
- 4 Dec
- 2021
- Heat detections
- 104
- in a single hotspot: 54 MW
- Danger at start
- 39
- Very high · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 137MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone 43 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
90% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 1,570 ha in 2016, 1,793 ha in 2017, 81 ha in 2018, 2,991 ha in 2019, 977 ha in 2020. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 3,738 ha that had burned before.
- 2,991 ha Amuru fire, January 2019 3,930 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,091 ha Amuru fire, December 2017 3,441 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 533 ha Debre Elias fire, November 2017 3,338 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 65 ha Dembecha fire, December 2018 10,555 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 51 ha Debre Elias fire, December 2016 2,322 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 21 ha Bure fire, December 2016 9,701 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Amuru where it started3,736 ha reached on 10 Dec3.2 %
-
460 ha reached on 6 Dec0.4 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2020Inside the perimeter there were about 0.06 hectares of built-up land and about 20 residents (GHSL 2020, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 Dec | 30.3 °C | 9 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 39 |
| 11 Dec | 29.9 °C | 13 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 12 Dec | 29.8 °C | 13 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 13 Dec | 30.3 °C | 16 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 38 |
| 14 Dec after | 30.6 °C | 16 % | 21 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 38 |
| 15 Dec after | 30.6 °C | 20 % | 22 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 16 Dec after | 31.0 °C | 21 % | 25 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 36 |
| 17 Dec after | 30.9 °C | 21 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 33 |
| 18 Dec after | 31.1 °C | 22 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 36 |
| 19 Dec after | 30.6 °C | 27 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 20 Dec after | 30.5 °C | 28 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 33 |
| 21 Dec after | 31.3 °C | 22 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 31 |
| 22 Dec after | 30.8 °C | 19 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 32 |
| 23 Dec after | 31.2 °C | 20 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
Detections table · 104Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Amuru fire last?
- According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 4 December 2021 to 13 December 2021 (10 days). The perimeter dates it from 10 December 2021 to 13 December 2021.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 4,169 hectares (41.7 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire entered 2 municipalities: Amuru (3,736 ha, 3.2 %); Debre Elias (460 ha, 0.4 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 30.3 °C, humidity dropped to 9 % and gusts hit 34 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 40, class Very high.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Ethiopia (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Satellite cross-check
History of this page Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
No changes since 24 October 2026.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 10 December 2021 to 13 December 2021. 104 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2020, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM3 (Open Data Commons Open Database License 1.0). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.