Yambio fire, 28 December 2022 Nzara, Yambio, Wulu
The fire started on 28 December 2022 in Yambio, South Sudan, and satellites saw it burning for 22 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 33,404 hectares from heat detections, spread across 3 municipalities.
It is the 30th largest in Western Equatoria since 2016 (of 359 with a page). Number 7 in South Sudan in 2022, of 124.
Compare with…
Suggestions: Yambio · 2016Nzara · 2016Nzara · 2016Yambio · 2017
- Burnt area
- 33,404ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 22days
- 28 Dec 2022 – 18 Jan 2023
- Municipalities hit
- 3
- counties
- Started on
- 28 Dec
- 2022
- Heat detections
- 1,488
- in a single hotspot: 168 MW
- Danger at start
- 47
- Very high · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 848MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone 14 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
97% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 32,870 ha in 2016, 12,311 ha in 2017, 10,407 ha in 2018, 1,719 ha in 2019, 22,235 ha in 2020, 2,291 ha in 2021, 1,954 ha in 2022. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 32,567 ha that had burned before.
- 12,577 ha Yambio fire, December 2016 135,559 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 10,459 ha Nzara fire, December 2016 156,948 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 5,977 ha Nzara fire, January 2016 10,703 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 3,277 ha Yambio fire, December 2017 5,295 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 3,138 ha Yambio fire, December 2018 8,993 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 2,851 ha Nzara fire, December 2020 5,453 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,975 ha Nzara fire, January 2020 6,745 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,704 ha Yambio fire, December 2017 6,721 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
17,680 ha reached on 31 Dec2.7 %
-
Yambio where it started15,984 ha reached on 28 Dec1.8 %
-
0 ha reached on 29 Dec0.0 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2020Inside the perimeter there was no noticeable built-up land and almost nobody lived there (GHSL 2020, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 28 Dec | 34.0 °C | 14 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 29 Dec | 34.5 °C | 15 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 30 Dec | 34.7 °C | 19 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 31 Dec | 34.6 °C | 21 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 1 Jan | 35.7 °C | 19 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 2 Jan | 35.5 °C | 24 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 3 Jan | 35.3 °C | 26 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 4 Jan | 35.4 °C | 22 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 5 Jan | 35.2 °C | 21 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 6 Jan | 35.9 °C | 17 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 7 Jan | 35.2 °C | 16 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 8 Jan | 34.8 °C | 16 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 9 Jan | 36.7 °C | 15 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 10 Jan | 33.6 °C | 15 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 11 Jan | 33.7 °C | 12 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 12 Jan | 34.8 °C | 13 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 13 Jan | 34.0 °C | 16 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 14 Jan | 35.3 °C | 17 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 50 |
| 15 Jan | 35.9 °C | 16 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 51 |
| 16 Jan | 36.8 °C | 14 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 17 Jan | 36.5 °C | 15 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 18 Jan | 37.0 °C | 16 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 50 |
| 19 Jan after | 37.2 °C | 16 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 53 |
| 20 Jan after | 37.8 °C | 15 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 50 |
| 21 Jan after | 37.5 °C | 12 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 57 |
| 22 Jan after | 37.1 °C | 13 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 51 |
| 23 Jan after | 37.4 °C | 13 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 24 Jan after | 37.1 °C | 11 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 25 Jan after | 37.1 °C | 17 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 26 Jan after | 35.8 °C | 19 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 45 |
| 27 Jan after | 38.3 °C | 11 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 54 |
| 28 Jan after | 38.8 °C | 12 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 56 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 6 January 2023 the air beside the fire reached 145 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 80: 5.3 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 1,488Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Yambio fire last?
- According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 28 December 2022 to 18 January 2023 (22 days). The perimeter dates it from 31 December 2022 to 12 January 2023.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 33,404 hectares (334.0 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire entered 3 municipalities: Nzara (17,680 ha, 2.7 %); Yambio (15,984 ha, 1.8 %); Wulu (0 ha, 0.0 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 37.0 °C, humidity dropped to 12 % and gusts hit 43 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 52, class Extreme.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of South Sudan (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Satellite cross-check
History of this page · 2 Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
- Last day with fire: 12 January 2023 → 18 January 2023.
- Start date: 31 December 2022 → 28 December 2022.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery; 3 polygons grouped in this page.
- Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 31 December 2022 to 12 January 2023. 1,488 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2020, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.