Toliary-II fire, 8 October 2025 Toliary-II
The fire started on 8 October 2025 in Toliary-II, Madagascar, and satellites saw it burning for 12 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 6,369 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 18th largest in Atsimo-Andrefana since 2016 (of 45 with a page). Number 7 in Madagascar in 2025, of 95.
- Burnt area
- 6,369ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 12days
- 8 Oct 2025 – 19 Oct 2025
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- districts
- Started on
- 8 Oct
- 2025
- Heat detections
- 378
- in a single hotspot: 90 MW
- Danger at start
- 38
- High · FWI index
- Energy released
- 4.0GW
- sum of detected power
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone 6 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
100% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 1,918 ha in 2016, 4,366 ha in 2017, 4,462 ha in 2018, 5,922 ha in 2019, 7,786 ha in 2020, 6,990 ha in 2021, 2,880 ha in 2022, 5,913 ha in 2023, 3,116 ha in 2024. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 6,384 ha that had burned before.
- 7,786 ha Toliary-II fire, September 2020 20,892 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 6,990 ha Toliary-II fire, October 2021 14,910 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 5,428 ha Toliary-II fire, September 2023 12,385 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 5,312 ha Toliary-II fire, October 2019 14,445 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 4,462 ha Toliary-II fire, September 2018 13,011 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 3,375 ha Toliary-II fire, October 2017 23,015 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,947 ha Toliary-II fire, October 2022 2,638 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 990 ha Toliary-II fire, September 2017 3,277 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
What happened to each town
-
Toliary-II where it started6,388 ha reached on 5 Oct0.7 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance is from the town centre to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8 Oct | 32.7 °C | 23 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 38 |
| 9 Oct | 33.7 °C | 23 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 37 |
| 10 Oct | 33.6 °C | 22 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 11 Oct | 32.7 °C | 26 % | 36 km/h | 2.4 mm | Moderate 20 |
| 12 Oct | 32.5 °C | 33 % | 32 km/h | 1.1 mm | High 22 |
| 13 Oct | 33.8 °C | 25 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 38 |
| 14 Oct | 34.2 °C | 26 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 36 |
| 15 Oct | 34.6 °C | 25 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 39 |
| 16 Oct | 33.2 °C | 20 % | 45 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
| 17 Oct | 30.2 °C | 36 % | 43 km/h | 0.1 mm | High 37 |
| 18 Oct | 32.4 °C | 27 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 19 Oct | 32.4 °C | 29 % | 47 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 20 Oct after | 29.5 °C | 36 % | 44 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 39 |
| 21 Oct after | 28.3 °C | 42 % | 38 km/h | 0.5 mm | High 33 |
| 22 Oct after | 28.4 °C | 24 % | 45 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 39 |
| 23 Oct after | 33.8 °C | 25 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 24 Oct after | 33.5 °C | 29 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 39 |
| 25 Oct after | 35.4 °C | 28 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 38 |
| 26 Oct after | 35.1 °C | 26 % | 30 km/h | 0.1 mm | Very high 38 |
| 27 Oct after | 38.1 °C | 17 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 28 Oct after | 36.7 °C | 21 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 29 Oct after | 36.2 °C | 18 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 50 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 15 October 2025 the air beside the fire reached 22 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 15: 1.0 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 378Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 14,910 haToliary-II21 October 2021 · 20 days · 2 km away
- 12,385 haToliary-IISeptember 2023 · 16 days · 2 km away
- 14,445 haToliary-II14 October 2019 · 31 days · 3 km away
- 13,011 haToliary-IISeptember 2018 · 14 days · 3 km away
- 20,892 haToliary-IISeptember 2020 · 46 days · 4 km away
- 23,015 haToliary-II10 October 2017 · 30 days · 5 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Toliary-II fire last?
- GWIS (Copernicus) dates it between 8 October 2025 and 19 October 2025: 12 days between the first and last heat detection of the perimeter.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 6,369 hectares (63.7 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Toliary-II (6,388 ha, 0.7 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 34.6 °C, humidity dropped to 20 % and gusts hit 47 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 44, class Very high.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Madagascar (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Satellite cross-check
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.