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Timon fire, October 2025 Timon

Out · last detection 20 Oct 2025, 16:29 UTC

The fire started on 11 October 2025 in Timon, Brazil, and satellites saw it burning for 10 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 3,477 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.

It is the 458th largest in Maranhão since 2016 (of 607 with a page). Number 582 in Brazil in 2025, of 714.

Burnt area
3,477ha
GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
Duration
10days
11 Oct 2025 – 20 Oct 2025
Municipalities hit
1
municipalities
Started on
11 Oct
2025
Heat detections
87
in a single hotspot: 45 MW
Danger at start
46
Very high · FWI index
Energy released
795MW
sum of detected power

Where it burned

20 Oct 2025
HOTSPOTS BY DAY 11 Oct20 Oct

How it evolved, day by day

11121314151617181920

Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.

The weather it burned in

39°high
45km/h · peak gust
18%lowest humidity

It had gone 52 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started. Rain came after the fire: 1.0 mm on 2 Nov.

This area had burned before

16% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 538 ha in 2016, 296 ha in 2020. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 559 ha that had burned before.

What happened to each town

  1. Timon 174,465 inhabitants where it started
    3,501 ha reached on 10 Oct
    2.0 %

Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance is from the town centre to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.

The weather day by day

ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.

Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)

Day High Min. humidity Peak gust Rain Danger (FWI)
5 Oct 37.8 °C 23 % 40 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 46
6 Oct 38.1 °C 26 % 36 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 44
7 Oct 38.3 °C 26 % 37 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 46
8 Oct 38.2 °C 26 % 42 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 48
9 Oct 37.4 °C 29 % 41 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 45
10 Oct 39.3 °C 24 % 36 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 43
11 Oct 38.6 °C 22 % 33 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 41
12 Oct 38.4 °C 22 % 37 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 44
13 Oct 38.3 °C 24 % 34 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 44
14 Oct 39.0 °C 18 % 38 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 48
15 Oct 39.1 °C 18 % 40 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 48
16 Oct 38.8 °C 19 % 37 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 48
17 Oct 38.2 °C 24 % 32 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 49
18 Oct 37.5 °C 27 % 39 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 47
19 Oct 38.8 °C 27 % 31 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 48
20 Oct 36.6 °C 36 % 38 km/h 0.9 mm High 34
21 Oct after 29.2 °C 61 % 37 km/h 16.9 mm Very low 1
22 Oct after 33.3 °C 43 % 45 km/h 0.0 mm Moderate 16
23 Oct after 34.5 °C 34 % 42 km/h 0.0 mm High 30
24 Oct after 35.2 °C 34 % 43 km/h 0.0 mm High 32
25 Oct after 36.3 °C 27 % 45 km/h 0.0 mm High 37
26 Oct after 36.8 °C 24 % 43 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 39
27 Oct after 37.5 °C 24 % 41 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 39
28 Oct after 37.1 °C 26 % 46 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 42
29 Oct after 37.0 °C 28 % 48 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 45
30 Oct after 38.0 °C 28 % 34 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 38
31 Oct after 36.7 °C 32 % 28 km/h 0.0 mm High 38
1 Nov after 34.7 °C 42 % 26 km/h 0.7 mm High 26
2 Nov after 34.7 °C 38 % 26 km/h 1.0 mm High 23

Before and after, from space

Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.

Before · 4 Oct 2025
After · 27 Oct 2025

If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.

The smoke

CAMS · Copernicus

On 16 October 2025 the air beside the fire reached 46 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 24: 1.6 times the WHO daily guideline (15).

PM2.5 peak46 µg/m³
Days over the guideline3 days
PM1047 µg/m³
Optical depth0.63
91011121314151617181920212223
Good Fair Moderate Poor Very poor Extremely poor

Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.

Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)

Detections table · 87Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
⬇ Download CSV Times in UTC. Each detection is a 375 m pixel: a large fire yields hundreds per pass.
Date and timeSatelliteFRP (MW)LatLon

Other fires nearby

All fires in Brazil ›

Frequently asked questions

How long did the Timon fire last?
GWIS (Copernicus) dates it between 11 October 2025 and 20 October 2025: 10 days between the first and last heat detection of the perimeter.
How much area did it burn?
The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 3,477 hectares (34.8 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
Which municipalities burned?
The fire only entered Timon (3,501 ha, 2.0 %).
What was the weather like?
During the fire the temperature reached 39.3 °C, humidity dropped to 18 % and gusts hit 45 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 49, class Very high.
Where does this data come from?
From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Brazil (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.

Where to verify it

A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.

Emergency number: 193

Satellite cross-check

Does something look wrong on this page?

This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.

Report an error
What do you think is wrong?

We will only use your email to reply about this report. Privacy. This is not an emergency service: if there is a fire now, call 193.

Where this data comes from

The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.