Surma fire, February 2021 Surma, Bero
The fire started on 1 February 2021 in Surma, Ethiopia, and satellites saw it burning for 5 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 2,760 hectares from heat detections, spread across 2 municipalities.
It is the 90th largest in SNNPR since 2016 (of 186 with a page). Number 150 in Ethiopia in 2021, of 255.
- Burnt area
- 2,760ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 5days
- 1 Feb 2021 – 5 Feb 2021
- Municipalities hit
- 2
- districts
- Started on
- 1 Feb
- 2021
- Heat detections
- 62
- in a single hotspot: 31 MW
- Danger at start
- 26
- High · FWI index
- Energy released
- 357MW
- sum of detected power
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone 29 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
24% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 428 ha in 2016, 137 ha in 2017, 176 ha in 2019. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 675 ha that had burned before.
What happened to each town
-
Surma where it started2,703 ha reached on 1 Feb0.6 %
-
77 ha reached on 2 Feb0.1 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance is from the town centre to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Feb | 30.0 °C | 27 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 26 |
| 2 Feb | 30.5 °C | 26 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 26 |
| 3 Feb | 30.1 °C | 26 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 28 |
| 4 Feb | 31.0 °C | 23 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 30 |
| 5 Feb | 30.3 °C | 26 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 30 |
| 6 Feb after | 30.7 °C | 23 % | 20 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 27 |
| 7 Feb after | 29.8 °C | 20 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 30 |
| 8 Feb after | 31.7 °C | 24 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 29 |
| 9 Feb after | 29.4 °C | 41 % | 25 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 24 |
| 10 Feb after | 31.3 °C | 30 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 25 |
| 11 Feb after | 29.2 °C | 31 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 28 |
| 12 Feb after | 29.5 °C | 29 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 26 |
| 13 Feb after | 30.6 °C | 25 % | 25 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 28 |
| 14 Feb after | 31.2 °C | 28 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 32 |
| 15 Feb after | 30.8 °C | 29 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 30 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
Detections table · 62Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Surma fire last?
- GWIS (Copernicus) dates it between 1 February 2021 and 5 February 2021: 5 days between the first and last heat detection of the perimeter.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 2,760 hectares (27.6 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire entered 2 municipalities: Surma (2,703 ha, 0.6 %); Bero (77 ha, 0.1 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 31.0 °C, humidity dropped to 23 % and gusts hit 34 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 30, class High.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Ethiopia (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Satellite cross-check
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM3 (Open Data Commons Open Database License 1.0). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.