Burned area
satellite only21,588ha
Perimeter published by GWIS (Copernicus).
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus)
- Date
- 15 Dec 2019 – 30 Dec 2019
+− cross-check
No official record is matched to this page to compare it with.
AU · Australia · –
Roper Gulf fire, 15 December 2019 Roper Gulf
Out · last detection 30 Dec 2019, 04:00 UTC
The fire started on 15 December 2019 in Roper Gulf, Australia, and satellites saw it burning for 16 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 21,588 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 432th largest in Northern Territory since 2016 (of 2853 with a page). Number 152 in Australia in 2019, of 802.
Use this data
Compare with…
Use this data
Fire page data · version 2026-10-24matches the official recordwith caveatssatellite onlymodel
When copying, the sentence is
Tick the figures you want: they make up the lede and the CSV.
Duration by satellite
satellite only16days
15 Dec 2019 to 30 Dec 2019: first and last day with fire on the page.
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus) · NASA FIRMS · VIIRS
- Date
- last detection: 30 Dec 2019, 04:00 UTC
+− cross-check
Satellites pass a few times a day and cloud or smoke can hide the fire: a lack of detections is not an official extinction. Each country’s emergency service declares a fire contained or out.
Start
satellite only15 Dec 2019
First day with fire seen by the satellites or the perimeter.
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus) · NASA FIRMS · VIIRS
- Date
- 15 Dec 2019
+− cross-check
No official record is matched to this page, so the alert time and the cause are not known here.
Hotspots
satellite only673
VIIRS detections at 375 m. Most intense hotspot: 98 MW.
- Source
- NASA FIRMS · VIIRS (Suomi NPP)
- Date
- 15 Dec 2019 – 30 Dec 2019
+− cross-check
There is no official record to compare with. Each hotspot is a pixel detected in one satellite pass, not a separate fire.
The worst day
satellite only1,572MW
Total radiative power on 26 December 2019; hotspots that day: 140.
- Source
- NASA FIRMS · VIIRS (FRP)
- Date
- 26 Dec 2019
+− cross-check
Fire radiative power (FRP) measures the energy the fire gives off when the satellite passes. Added up by day, it compares intensity, not area.
Danger at the start
model63.4FWI · extreme
Fire Weather Index (Canadian system) computed by WorldFires for the day the fire started. Consecutive days without rain before: 16.
- Source
- WorldFires calculation (Canadian FWI system)
- Date
- 15 Dec 2019, local noon
- Model
- ERA5 0,25° (ECMWF · Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com
+− cross-check
This is an index computed from weather model data, not a measurement of the fire nor an official warning. Danger warnings are issued by each country’s authority. Emergency number and official warnings
Weather during the fire
model44.1°C · 15% RH
High of 44.1 °C and minimum humidity of 15% on 26 December 2019; gusts of 50 km/h on 27 December 2019.
- Source
- weather model at the fire’s grid cell
- Date
- 15 Dec 2019 – 30 Dec 2019
- Model
- ERA5 0,25° (ECMWF · Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com
+− cross-check
These are model values for a cell of about 25 km, not from a weather station: they may differ from what was measured on the ground.
This page’s change log has been kept since 24 October 2026: every night what it publishes is compared and the difference is logged. Anything earlier is reconstructed from each source’s date and marked as reconstructed.
Show
-
· reconstructed GHSLPopulation and built-up area computed
-
· reconstructed weatherWeather and FWI computed from the ERA5 reanalysis
What was saved on 24 October 2026
Every night a snapshot of what the page shows is saved. If anything changes, it appears in the list as a log entry.
- Area
- 21,588 ha
- Dates
- 15 Dec 2019 – 30 Dec 2019
- Name
- Roper Gulf
- Official record
- —
Versioned permanent link
https://worldfires.org/en/fire/roper-gulf-2019-12-7?v=2026-10-24A version keeps the area, dates, name and official record; the area as it was logged (changes under 2% are not logged). The map, hotspots and weather always show today’s data.
Citation
A lede of about 60 words figures only, no adjectives
CSV for this fire roper-gulf-2019-12-7.csv · daily, no individual hotspots
| fecha | focos_viirs | frp_mw | tmax_c | tmin_c | hr_min_pct | viento_max_kmh | racha_max_kmh | precip_mm | fwi | clase_fwi | dentro_del_incendio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-12-15 | 9 | 133 | 43 | 24.6 | 7 | 20.2 | 42.5 | 0 | 63.4 | extremo | 1 |
| 2019-12-16 | 10 | 61 | 41.8 | 22.9 | 15 | 21.6 | 43.2 | 0 | 64.1 | extremo | 1 |
| 2019-12-17 | 46 | 481 | 40.1 | 26 | 26 | 15.9 | 38.5 | 0 | 46.9 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2019-12-18 | 29 | 222 | 38.1 | 25.7 | 31 | 18.4 | 46.1 | 1.9 | 30.3 | alto | 1 |
| 2019-12-19 | 7 | 48 | 38.1 | 25.3 | 28 | 18.8 | 38.2 | 0.2 | 38.8 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2019-12-20 | 38 | 260 | 38.7 | 25 | 31 | 16.5 | 37.1 | 0.1 | 37.1 | alto | 1 |
| 2019-12-21 | 116 | 814 | 37.2 | 26.1 | 36 | 17 | 41.4 | 1 | 30 | alto | 1 |
| 2019-12-22 | 17 | 166 | 37.1 | 25.8 | 33 | 16.9 | 36.4 | 0 | 34.1 | alto | 1 |
| 2019-12-23 | 72 | 436 | 39.8 | 24 | 23 | 19.8 | 42.5 | 0.3 | 45.8 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2019-12-24 | 104 | 788 | 40.1 | 24.9 | 25 | 20.4 | 43.9 | 0.3 | 46.9 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2019-12-25 | 60 | 837 | 40.4 | 26.3 | 23 | 18.7 | 41 | 0.4 | 45.9 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2019-12-26 | 140 | 1,572 | 44.1 | 26.7 | 15 | 18.4 | 46.8 | 0.4 | 55.6 | extremo | 1 |
| 2019-12-27 | 14 | 66 | 35.8 | 26.6 | 33 | 21.6 | 50.4 | 0.4 | 46 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2019-12-28 | 3 | 13 | 36.1 | 24.9 | 39 | 21.1 | 49.7 | 1.9 | 26.4 | alto | 1 |
| 2019-12-29 | 4 | 28 | 36.3 | 23.5 | 41 | 19.2 | 41.8 | 2.2 | 20.8 | moderado | 1 |
| 2019-12-30 | 4 | 32 | 36.8 | 24.7 | 37 | 15.5 | 41 | 4.4 | 12.6 | moderado | 1 |
| 2019-12-31 | 0 | 0 | 35.5 | 25 | 45 | 12.3 | 36 | 1.4 | 14.4 | moderado | 0 |
It is generated in your browser from this page’s data: one file per fire, aggregated by day and without individual hotspots.
Live widget for your story
It updates itself while the fire is still active and links to this page. Free, with the attribution shown at the bottom.
Sources for this page: GWIS (Copernicus), NASA FIRMS (VIIRS), ERA5 (ECMWF/Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0), GHSL (JRC). Open-Meteo.com · How we build fire pages: methodology
- Burnt area
- 21,588ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 16days
- 15 Dec 2019 – 30 Dec 2019
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- local government areas
- Started on
- 15 Dec
- 2019
- Heat detections
- 673
- in a single hotspot: 98 MW
- Danger at start
- 63
- Extreme · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 372MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
HOTSPOTS BY DAY
15 Dec30 Dec
30 Dec 2019
How it evolved, day by day
15 Dec
19 Dec
23 Dec
26 Dec
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
44°high
50km/h · peak gust
7%lowest humidity
It had gone 16 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started. Rain came after the fire: 1.4 mm on 31 Dec.
This area had burned before
6% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 317 ha in 2017, 1,003 ha in 2018.
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Roper Gulf where it started21,899 ha reached on 15 Dec0.1 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2020Built-up area< 0.1 ha
Residents< 20
Inside the perimeter there was no noticeable built-up land and almost nobody lived there (GHSL 2020, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
Started with Very dry air: 29 % of the area in Australia
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 Dec | 43.0 °C | 7 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 63 |
| 16 Dec | 41.8 °C | 15 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 64 |
| 17 Dec | 40.1 °C | 26 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 18 Dec | 38.1 °C | 31 % | 46 km/h | 1.9 mm | High 30 |
| 19 Dec | 38.1 °C | 28 % | 38 km/h | 0.2 mm | Very high 39 |
| 20 Dec | 38.7 °C | 31 % | 37 km/h | 0.1 mm | High 37 |
| 21 Dec | 37.2 °C | 36 % | 41 km/h | 1.0 mm | High 30 |
| 22 Dec | 37.1 °C | 33 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 23 Dec | 39.8 °C | 23 % | 42 km/h | 0.3 mm | Very high 46 |
| 24 Dec | 40.1 °C | 25 % | 44 km/h | 0.3 mm | Very high 47 |
| 25 Dec | 40.4 °C | 23 % | 41 km/h | 0.4 mm | Very high 46 |
| 26 Dec | 44.1 °C | 15 % | 47 km/h | 0.4 mm | Extreme 56 |
| 27 Dec | 35.8 °C | 33 % | 50 km/h | 0.4 mm | Very high 46 |
| 28 Dec | 36.1 °C | 39 % | 50 km/h | 1.9 mm | High 26 |
| 29 Dec | 36.3 °C | 41 % | 42 km/h | 2.2 mm | Moderate 21 |
| 30 Dec | 36.8 °C | 37 % | 41 km/h | 4.4 mm | Moderate 13 |
| 31 Dec after | 35.5 °C | 45 % | 36 km/h | 1.4 mm | Moderate 14 |
Its twins: fires that started in the same weather
It started with an FWI of 63.4, a minimum humidity of 7% and 16 days without rain. Fires in the area that started in weather like this since 2016: 21.
FWI at the start
63.4
Minimum humidity
7 %
Days without rain
16
this fire
chosen twins
rest of the area
Almost identicalSimilar
Outlines of the closest twins
This fire · Roper Gulf fire, 15 December 2019
21,588 ha
16 days
FWI 63.4
Min. humidity 7 %
Burke fire, November 2020
9,896 ha
14 days
FWI 62.2
Min. humidity 7 %
40 km away, in 2020
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: 2.6 mm on 21 Nov.
Burke fire, November 2017
6,745 ha
3 days
FWI 61.6
Min. humidity 9 %
47 km away, in 2017
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: 1.2 mm on 9 Nov.
Barkly fire, January 2022
8,005 ha
7 days
FWI 64.5
Min. humidity 7 %
122 km away, in 2022
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: 2.2 mm on 12 Jan.
Roper Gulf fire, November 2022
13,266 ha
5 days
FWI 64.8
Min. humidity 7 %
235 km away, in 2022
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: 1.3 mm on 10 Nov.
Burke fire, September 2021
7,499 ha
12 days
FWI 65.8
Min. humidity 10 %
68 km away, in 2021
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
What happened to them
- 8 days
- median duration
- 8,005 ha
- median area
- 33 %
- went past 10,000 ha
- 2.4 mm
- rain at the end (median; 12 of 21 had it)
It was 2.7 times larger than the median of its twins and lasted 16 days, against 8 days.
Only 3 of its 21 twins burned more. The weather on the first day does not explain everything: the wind in the following days, the fuel and the firefighting also count. In 9 of 21, not even 1 mm fell in the ten days after the end: they went out without rain. In the rest, the first rainy day brought a median of 2.4 mm.
This is a bank of analogues: it shows what usually happens, not what will happen. With fewer than 15 twins we give no figures. How we calculate it
How it ended
1.4 mmfirst rain
31 Decthe day after it ended
50km/h · max. gust
It was considered over on 30 Dec, and on 31 Dec 1.4 mm fell. We do not know whether the rain or the firefighters put it out. Twins with rain when they ended: 12 of 21, with a median of 2.4 mm.
Weather on this page: Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
How a twin is chosen
- Same area: fires that have already ended, less than 250 km from this one, since 2016.
- Same start: we compare the FWI on the first day, the minimum humidity that day and the run of days without rain before it. The slider sets how much they may differ.
- Only pages with final weather data (ERA5 reanalysis) calculated in the same way as this fire’s; agricultural and grass burns and pages with data under review are left out.
- Fires burning at the same time as this one (a week before or after) are left out: they share the same spell of weather and do not count as a precedent.
- They are sorted by similarity, and the outlines of the first five are drawn.
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
↔
Before · 8 Dec 2019
After · 6 Jan 2020
Sentinel-2 did not pass over on that day. Try another date, or use false colour, which is daily.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
Detections table · 673Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
⬇ Download CSV
Times in UTC. Each detection is a 375 m pixel: a large fire yields hundreds per pass.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 21,894 haRoper Gulf26 October 2022 · 14 days · 14 km away
- 65,211 haRoper Gulf15 October 2024 · 19 days · 17 km away
- 22,614 haRoper Gulf20 July 2020 · 22 days · 21 km away
- 140,454 haRoper Gulf13 October 2022 · 31 days · 25 km away
- 13,998 haRoper Gulf3 December 2019 · 18 days · 25 km away
- 67,865 haBurke24 November 2025 · 20 days · 40 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Roper Gulf fire last?
- GWIS (Copernicus) dates it between 15 December 2019 and 30 December 2019: 16 days between the first and last heat detection of the perimeter.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 21,588 hectares (215.9 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Roper Gulf (21,899 ha, 0.1 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 44.1 °C, humidity dropped to 7 % and gusts hit 50 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 64, class Extreme.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Australia (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
- How did the fires that started in similar weather in this area end?
- Fires less than 250 km away that started since 2016 with a similar FWI, humidity and dry spell: 21. Their median duration was 8 days and their median area 8,005 ha; 33 % went past 10,000 ha. Only 3 of its 21 twins burned more. The weather on the first day does not explain everything: the wind in the following days, the fuel and the firefighting also count. In 9 of 21, not even 1 mm fell in the ten days after the end: they went out without rain. In the rest, the first rainy day brought a median of 2.4 mm.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 000 · Emergency number and official warnings
Satellite cross-check
History of this page Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
No changes since 24 October 2026.
RSS Changes to this page With cross-checks and a citable version
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates from the perimeter: the VIIRS detections inside it did not change them. 673 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2020, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.