Rafaï fire, 9 January 2026 Rafaï, Djema
The fire started on 9 January 2026 in Rafaï, Central African Republic, and satellites saw it burning for 15 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 8,458 hectares from heat detections, spread across 2 municipalities.
It is the 43th largest in Mbomou since 2016 (of 80 with a page). Number 64 in Central African Republic in 2026, of 148.
Compare with…
Suggestions: Rafaï · 2018Rafaï · 2018Djema · 2020Yalinga · 2023
- Burnt area
- 8,458ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 15days
- 9 Jan 2026 – 23 Jan 2026
- Municipalities hit
- 2
- sub-prefectures
- Started on
- 9 Jan
- 2026
- Heat detections
- 166
- in a single hotspot: 78 MW
- Danger at start
- 51
- Extreme · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 87MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone more than two months without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
100% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 1,486 ha in 2016, 2,835 ha in 2017, 7,280 ha in 2018, 7,867 ha in 2019, 8,259 ha in 2020, 2,918 ha in 2021, 1,645 ha in 2022, 6,530 ha in 2023, 158 ha in 2024, 2,611 ha in 2025. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 8,478 ha that had burned before.
- 7,855 ha Rafaï fire, December 2018 80,071 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 7,023 ha Rafaï fire, January 2018 17,116 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 6,979 ha Djema fire, January 2020 307,099 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 6,530 ha Yalinga fire, January 2023 66,536 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 2,801 ha Rafaï fire, January 2017 11,500 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 2,762 ha Yalinga fire, January 2021 207,292 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 819 ha Djema fire, February 2022 63,846 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 255 ha Rafaï fire, December 2018 80,563 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Rafaï where it started8,237 ha reached on 10 Jan0.3 %
-
291 ha reached on 20 Jan0.0 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2025Inside the perimeter there was no noticeable built-up land and almost nobody lived there (GHSL 2025, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned. The GHSL 2025 epoch is a projection made from 2020 and earlier data.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 Jan | 36.1 °C | 17 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 51 |
| 10 Jan | 34.6 °C | 18 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 11 Jan | 35.2 °C | 16 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 12 Jan | 35.2 °C | 16 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 13 Jan | 36.0 °C | 15 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 53 |
| 14 Jan | 34.8 °C | 16 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 54 |
| 15 Jan | 34.9 °C | 15 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 54 |
| 16 Jan | 34.8 °C | 14 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 17 Jan | 35.4 °C | 13 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 18 Jan | 36.0 °C | 12 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 50 |
| 19 Jan | 36.3 °C | 14 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 20 Jan | 36.5 °C | 15 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 51 |
| 21 Jan | 37.3 °C | 16 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 22 Jan | 37.2 °C | 18 % | 19 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 23 Jan | 35.9 °C | 23 % | 25 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 24 Jan after | 37.5 °C | 17 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 25 Jan after | 38.3 °C | 11 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 54 |
| 26 Jan after | 38.3 °C | 11 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 56 |
| 27 Jan after | 37.1 °C | 13 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 28 Jan after | 36.4 °C | 13 % | 29 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 50 |
| 29 Jan after | 36.7 °C | 11 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 56 |
| 30 Jan after | 37.2 °C | 12 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 53 |
| 31 Jan after | 36.5 °C | 13 % | 20 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 1 Feb after | 34.7 °C | 21 % | 29 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 2 Feb after | 36.1 °C | 16 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 22 January 2026 the air beside the fire reached 76 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 52: 3.4 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 166Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Rafaï fire last?
- According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 9 January 2026 to 23 January 2026 (15 days). The perimeter dates it from 11 January 2026 to 21 January 2026.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 8,458 hectares (84.6 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire entered 2 municipalities: Rafaï (8,237 ha, 0.3 %); Djema (291 ha, 0.0 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 37.3 °C, humidity dropped to 12 % and gusts hit 40 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 54, class Extreme.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Central African Republic (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Satellite cross-check
History of this page Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
No changes since 24 October 2026.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 11 January 2026 to 21 January 2026. 166 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2025, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM3 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.