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Marianópolis do Tocantins fire, September 2020 Pium, Marianópolis do Tocantins, Caseara

Out · last detection 28 Sept 2020, 17:15 UTC

The fire started on 2 September 2020 in Marianópolis do Tocantins, Brazil, and satellites saw it burning for 27 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 12,396 hectares from heat detections, spread across 3 municipalities.

It is the 127th largest in Tocantins since 2016 (of 1036 with a page). Number 143 in Brazil in 2020, of 957.

Compare with…

Suggestions: Marianópolis do Tocantins · 2024Pium · 2017Caseara · 2024Santana do Araguaia · 2017

Burnt area
12,396ha
GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
Duration
27days
2 Sept 2020 – 28 Sept 2020
Municipalities hit
3
municipalities
Started on
2 Sept
2020
Heat detections
774
in a single hotspot: 272 MW
Danger at start
53
Extreme · FWI index
Average daily power
613MW
detected power per day, on average

Where it burned

HOTSPOTS BY DAY 2 Sept28 Sept
28 Sept 2020

How it evolved, day by day

2 Sept 2020 · 126 MW · 4 3 Sept 2020 · 889 MW · 15 4 Sept 2020 · 388 MW · 25 5 Sept 2020 · 46 MW · 4 6 Sept 2020 · 76 MW · 12 7 Sept 2020 · 192 MW · 17 8 Sept 2020 · 1,213 MW · 40 9 Sept 2020 · 1,528 MW · 44 10 Sept 2020 · 1,883 MW · 49 11 Sept 2020 · 1,198 MW · 58 12 Sept 2020 · 2,234 MW · 130 13 Sept 2020 · 602 MW · 55 14 Sept 2020 · 1,382 MW · 106 15 Sept 2020 · 51 MW · 16 16 Sept 2020 · 562 MW · 43 17 Sept 2020 · 1,115 MW · 70 18 Sept 2020 · 231 MW · 49 19 Sept 2020 · 267 MW · 21 20 Sept 2020 · 15 MW · 3 21 Sept 2020 · 12 MW · 2 24 Sept 2020 · 7 MW · 2 27 Sept 2020 · 44 MW · 2 28 Sept 2020 · 36 MW · 7
2 Sept 7 Sept 12 Sept 17 Sept 24 Sept

Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.

The weather it burned in

39°high
44km/h · peak gust
16%lowest humidity

It had gone more than two months without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.

This area had burned before

19% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 27 ha in 2016, 2,278 ha in 2017.

How big is it?

10 km
It burned the equivalent of 7.8% of the area of London (124 km² against 1,583 km²).

London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).

This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.

What happened to each town

  1. Pium 7,128 inhabitants
    11,774 ha reached on 3 Sept
    1.2 %
  2. Marianópolis do Tocantins 4,615 inhabitants where it started
    662 ha reached on 2 Sept
    0.3 %
  3. Caseara 4,847 inhabitants
    29 ha
    0.0 %

Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.

People and buildings inside the perimeter

GHSL 2020
Built-up area< 0.1 ha
Residents< 20

Inside the perimeter there was no noticeable built-up land and almost nobody lived there (GHSL 2020, satellite-based estimate).

This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned.

Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu

The weather day by day

ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.

Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)

Started with 60 days without rain: 55 % of the area in Brazil

Day High Min. humidity Peak gust Rain Danger (FWI)
2 Sept 36.7 °C 21 % 44 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 53
3 Sept 36.7 °C 20 % 40 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 53
4 Sept 37.5 °C 19 % 26 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 46
5 Sept 38.0 °C 20 % 32 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 49
6 Sept 37.5 °C 21 % 32 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 48
7 Sept 37.8 °C 17 % 30 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 48
8 Sept 38.4 °C 20 % 36 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 51
9 Sept 38.6 °C 20 % 29 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 48
10 Sept 38.6 °C 18 % 31 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 50
11 Sept 38.5 °C 19 % 26 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 46
12 Sept 38.4 °C 16 % 35 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 53
13 Sept 37.4 °C 17 % 40 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 57
14 Sept 37.4 °C 19 % 35 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 55
15 Sept 35.9 °C 22 % 37 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 50
16 Sept 38.2 °C 19 % 37 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 53
17 Sept 38.3 °C 22 % 25 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 43
18 Sept 38.4 °C 25 % 28 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 46
19 Sept 38.3 °C 31 % 26 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 42
20 Sept 37.9 °C 33 % 31 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 41
21 Sept 35.5 °C 40 % 28 km/h 0.2 mm High 33
22 Sept 33.4 °C 46 % 22 km/h 0.2 mm High 28
23 Sept 36.2 °C 37 % 32 km/h 0.0 mm High 30
24 Sept 38.3 °C 27 % 35 km/h 0.0 mm High 37
25 Sept 33.4 °C 43 % 32 km/h 2.2 mm Moderate 15
26 Sept 33.7 °C 45 % 31 km/h 0.1 mm Moderate 21
27 Sept 37.0 °C 30 % 26 km/h 0.0 mm High 31
28 Sept 39.3 °C 20 % 30 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 42
29 Sept after 38.4 °C 28 % 31 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 42
30 Sept after 37.7 °C 33 % 31 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 39
1 Oct after 36.3 °C 33 % 29 km/h 0.0 mm High 36
2 Oct after 38.2 °C 24 % 24 km/h 0.0 mm High 36
3 Oct after 39.3 °C 22 % 22 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 39
4 Oct after 39.2 °C 24 % 24 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 43
5 Oct after 37.9 °C 32 % 24 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 40
6 Oct after 36.6 °C 36 % 30 km/h 0.0 mm High 36
7 Oct after 37.3 °C 30 % 26 km/h 0.0 mm High 34
8 Oct after 38.3 °C 29 % 21 km/h 0.0 mm High 36

Its twins: fires that started in the same weather

It started with an FWI of 53.4, a minimum humidity of 21% and more than two months without rain. Fires in the area that started in weather like this since 2016: 33.

FWI at the start 53.4
Minimum humidity 21 %
Days without rain 60+
this fire chosen twins rest of the area
Almost identicalSimilar

Outlines of the closest twins

Marianópolis do Tocantins fire, September 2024
5,961 ha 4 days FWI 53.3 Min. humidity 21 % 55 km away, in 2024

First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.

See its page Compare with this fire

What happened to them

8 days
median duration
6,356 ha
median area
27 %
went past 10,000 ha
2.9 mm
rain at the end (median; 15 of 33 had it)

It was 2.0 times larger than the median of its twins and lasted 27 days, against 8 days.

Only 8 of its 33 twins burned more. The weather on the first day does not explain everything: the wind in the following days, the fuel and the firefighting also count. In 18 of 33, not even 1 mm fell in the ten days after the end: they went out without rain. In the rest, the first rainy day brought a median of 2.9 mm.

This is a bank of analogues: it shows what usually happens, not what will happen. With fewer than 15 twins we give no figures. How we calculate it

How it ended

—first rain
—no rain in ten days
44km/h · max. gust

It was considered over on 28 Sept, and not even 1 mm fell in the following ten days: it went out without rain. Twins with rain when they ended: 15 of 33, with a median of 2.9 mm.

Weather on this page: Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)

How a twin is chosen

  • Same area: fires that have already ended, less than 250 km from this one, since 2016.
  • Same start: we compare the FWI on the first day, the minimum humidity that day and the run of days without rain before it. The slider sets how much they may differ.
  • Only pages with final weather data (ERA5 reanalysis) calculated in the same way as this fire’s; agricultural and grass burns and pages with data under review are left out.
  • Fires burning at the same time as this one (a week before or after) are left out: they share the same spell of weather and do not count as a precedent.
  • They are sorted by similarity, and the outlines of the first five are drawn.

How we calculate it

Before and after, from space

Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.

Before · 26 Aug 2020
After · 5 Oct 2020

If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.

Detections table · 774Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
⬇ Download CSV Times in UTC. Each detection is a 375 m pixel: a large fire yields hundreds per pass.
Date and timeSatelliteFRP (MW)LatLon

Other fires nearby

All fires in Brazil

Frequently asked questions

How long did the Marianópolis do Tocantins fire last?
According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 2 September 2020 to 28 September 2020 (27 days). The perimeter dates it from 2 September 2020 to 21 September 2020.
How much area did it burn?
The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 12,396 hectares (124.0 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
Which municipalities burned?
The fire entered 3 municipalities: Pium (11,774 ha, 1.2 %); Marianópolis do Tocantins (662 ha, 0.3 %); Caseara (29 ha, 0.0 %).
What was the weather like?
During the fire the temperature reached 39.3 °C, humidity dropped to 16 % and gusts hit 44 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 57, class Extreme.
Where does this data come from?
From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Brazil (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
How did the fires that started in similar weather in this area end?
Fires less than 250 km away that started since 2016 with a similar FWI, humidity and dry spell: 33. Their median duration was 8 days and their median area 6,356 ha; 27 % went past 10,000 ha. Only 8 of its 33 twins burned more. The weather on the first day does not explain everything: the wind in the following days, the fuel and the firefighting also count. In 18 of 33, not even 1 mm fell in the ten days after the end: they went out without rain. In the rest, the first rainy day brought a median of 2.9 mm.

Where to verify it

A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.

Emergency number: 193 · Emergency number and official warnings

Satellite cross-check

History of this page · 1 Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
  1. Last day with fire: 21 September 2020 → 28 September 2020.

RSS Changes to this page With cross-checks and a citable version

Does something look wrong on this page?

This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.

Report an error
What do you think is wrong?

We will only use your email to reply about this report. Privacy. This is not an emergency service: if there is a fire now, call 193.

How we know this
  • Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
  • Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 2 September 2020 to 21 September 2020. 774 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
  • We have not matched this page with any official record.
  • Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
  • Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2020, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.

How we build fire pages: methodology

Where this data comes from

The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.