Macapá fire, October 2023 Macapá, Itaubal
The fire started on 9 October 2023 in Macapá, Brazil, and satellites saw it burning for 6 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 3,163 hectares from heat detections, spread across 2 municipalities.
It is the 37th largest in Amapá since 2016 (of 41 with a page). Number 400 in Brazil in 2023, of 431.
The power measured by the satellite is low (23.7 MW in the strongest hotspot), more typical of grass or stubble burning, or a slow surface fire, than of a large crown fire.
- Burnt area
- 3,163ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 6days
- 9 Oct 2023 – 14 Oct 2023
- Municipalities hit
- 2
- municipalities
- Started on
- 9 Oct
- 2023
- Heat detections
- 90
- in a single hotspot: 24 MW
- Danger at start
- 22
- High · FWI index
- Energy released
- 607MW
- sum of detected power
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone 12 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started. Rain came after the fire: 1.3 mm on 22 Oct.
This area had burned before
No earlier perimeters overlap this fire since 2016, when the satellite record begins.
What happened to each town
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance is from the town centre to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 Oct | 33.7 °C | 52 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 22 |
| 6 Oct | 33.6 °C | 52 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 22 |
| 7 Oct | 33.6 °C | 49 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 22 |
| 8 Oct | 33.5 °C | 51 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 24 |
| 9 Oct | 33.3 °C | 49 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 23 |
| 10 Oct | 33.9 °C | 50 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 24 |
| 11 Oct | 33.8 °C | 54 % | 36 km/h | 0.3 mm | High 24 |
| 12 Oct | 34.2 °C | 48 % | 35 km/h | 0.2 mm | High 23 |
| 13 Oct | 34.0 °C | 54 % | 36 km/h | 0.1 mm | High 24 |
| 14 Oct | 33.8 °C | 51 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 25 |
| 15 Oct after | 34.2 °C | 51 % | 37 km/h | 0.8 mm | High 22 |
| 16 Oct after | 34.3 °C | 48 % | 37 km/h | 0.2 mm | High 24 |
| 17 Oct after | 33.5 °C | 56 % | 30 km/h | 3.8 mm | Low 6 |
| 18 Oct after | 34.3 °C | 55 % | 32 km/h | 3.3 mm | Low 6 |
| 19 Oct after | 33.8 °C | 57 % | 38 km/h | 0.4 mm | Moderate 14 |
| 20 Oct after | 34.7 °C | 51 % | 34 km/h | 0.3 mm | Moderate 18 |
| 21 Oct after | 34.3 °C | 54 % | 34 km/h | 0.7 mm | Moderate 17 |
| 22 Oct after | 34.4 °C | 51 % | 38 km/h | 1.3 mm | Moderate 16 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 10 October 2023 the air beside the fire reached 14 µg/m³ of PM2.5, but no daily average passed the WHO guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 90Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Macapá fire last?
- GWIS (Copernicus) dates it between 9 October 2023 and 14 October 2023: 6 days between the first and last heat detection of the perimeter.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 3,163 hectares (31.6 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire entered 2 municipalities: Macapá (3,183 ha, 0.5 %); Itaubal (1 ha, 0.0 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 34.7 °C, humidity dropped to 48 % and gusts hit 42 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 25, class High.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Brazil (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 193
Satellite cross-check
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.