Livingstone fire, September 2025 Livingstone
The fire started on 21 September 2025 in Livingstone, Australia, and satellites saw it burning for 34 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 107,042 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.
This page is probably a fire complex, not a single fire. GWIS merges into one perimeter the fires that touch over weeks, which in large burning seasons can join dozens of separate fires. The total area is reliable; the origin and dates refer to the whole complex.
It is the 36th largest in Queensland since 2016 (of 1745 with a page). Number 18 in Australia in 2025, of 1124.
Compare with…
- Burnt area
- 107,042ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 34days
- 21 Sept 2025 – 24 Oct 2025
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- local government areas
- Started on
- 21 Sept
- 2025
- Heat detections
- 3,543
- in a single hotspot: 338 MW
- Danger at start
- 19
- Moderate · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 1.1GW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone 3 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started. Rain came after the fire: 1.0 mm on 27 Oct.
This area had burned before
95% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 8,589 ha in 2016, 93,523 ha in 2017, 6,360 ha in 2018, 68,390 ha in 2019, 7,723 ha in 2020, 35,673 ha in 2021, 12,130 ha in 2022, 32,874 ha in 2023, 29,363 ha in 2024. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 102,105 ha that had burned before.
- 74,450 ha Livingstone fire, August 2017 111,933 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 22,849 ha Livingstone fire, August 2019 42,277 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 20,641 ha Livingstone fire, November 2019 27,044 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 17,631 ha Livingstone fire, October 2021 22,799 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 7,532 ha Livingstone fire, November 2021 10,229 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 6,148 ha Livingstone fire, September 2019 12,722 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 4,784 ha Livingstone fire, June 2024 8,114 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 4,405 ha Livingstone fire, May 2023 7,988 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Livingstone where it started107,411 ha reached on 21 Sept9.1 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2025Inside the perimeter there were about 0.65 hectares of built-up land and almost nobody lived there (GHSL 2025, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned. The GHSL 2025 epoch is a projection made from 2020 and earlier data.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 17 Sept | 28.5 °C | 45 % | 32 km/h | 0.3 mm | Moderate 19 |
| 18 Sept | 29.4 °C | 45 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 20 |
| 19 Sept | 28.2 °C | 40 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 21 |
| 20 Sept | 28.0 °C | 39 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 23 |
| 21 Sept | 28.3 °C | 46 % | 32 km/h | 2.2 mm | Low 8 |
| 22 Sept | 28.0 °C | 49 % | 27 km/h | 4.2 mm | Very low 4 |
| 23 Sept | 28.0 °C | 28 % | 37 km/h | 10.0 mm | Very low 3 |
| 24 Sept | 27.1 °C | 29 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 12 |
| 25 Sept | 27.9 °C | 21 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 22 |
| 26 Sept | 27.1 °C | 36 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 22 |
| 27 Sept | 25.8 °C | 39 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 20 |
| 28 Sept | 26.8 °C | 56 % | 29 km/h | 12.2 mm | Very low 1 |
| 29 Sept | 33.0 °C | 24 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 13 |
| 30 Sept | 29.6 °C | 38 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 14 |
| 1 Oct | 31.7 °C | 40 % | 30 km/h | 0.1 mm | Moderate 14 |
| 2 Oct | 33.9 °C | 31 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 20 |
| 3 Oct | 32.2 °C | 15 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 27 |
| 4 Oct | 29.9 °C | 22 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 30 |
| 5 Oct | 26.9 °C | 37 % | 47 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 25 |
| 6 Oct | 28.0 °C | 37 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 21 |
| 7 Oct | 27.4 °C | 43 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 20 |
| 8 Oct | 28.1 °C | 44 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 20 |
| 9 Oct | 29.3 °C | 42 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 20 |
| 10 Oct | 28.2 °C | 46 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 19 |
| 11 Oct | 29.0 °C | 47 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 19 |
| 12 Oct | 29.2 °C | 47 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 20 |
| 13 Oct | 30.8 °C | 48 % | 32 km/h | 1.1 mm | Moderate 13 |
| 14 Oct | 30.7 °C | 41 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 21 |
| 15 Oct | 29.7 °C | 42 % | 48 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 23 |
| 16 Oct | 26.4 °C | 45 % | 47 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 23 |
| 17 Oct | 28.7 °C | 37 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 23 |
| 18 Oct | 30.6 °C | 38 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 22 |
| 19 Oct | 30.3 °C | 42 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 22 |
| 20 Oct | 31.4 °C | 35 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 26 |
| 21 Oct | 30.1 °C | 37 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 25 |
| 22 Oct | 30.2 °C | 44 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 25 |
| 23 Oct | 30.3 °C | 52 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 22 |
| 24 Oct | 30.9 °C | 45 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 23 |
| 25 Oct after | 31.3 °C | 54 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 22 |
| 26 Oct after | 30.4 °C | 53 % | 43 km/h | 0.2 mm | High 24 |
| 27 Oct after | 30.8 °C | 59 % | 50 km/h | 1.0 mm | Moderate 17 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 1 October 2025 the air beside the fire reached 86 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 47: 3.2 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 3,543Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 27,044 haLivingstone19 November 2019 · 37 days · 5 km away
- 22,799 haLivingstone5 October 2021 · 13 days · 5 km away
- 111,933 haLivingstone19 August 2017 · 51 days · 7 km away
- 42,277 haLivingstone10 August 2019 · 35 days · 16 km away
- 20,918 haLivingstoneSeptember 2021 · 14 days · 22 km away
- 24,158 haLivingstone9 September 2019 · 39 days · 36 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Livingstone fire last?
- GWIS (Copernicus) dates it between 21 September 2025 and 24 October 2025: 34 days between the first and last heat detection of the perimeter.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 107,042 hectares (1,070.4 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Livingstone (107,411 ha, 9.1 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 33.9 °C, humidity dropped to 15 % and gusts hit 48 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 30, class High.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Australia (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 000 · Emergency number and official warnings ›
Satellite cross-check
History of this page Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
No changes since 24 October 2026.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery; 2 polygons grouped in this page.
- Dates from the perimeter: the VIIRS detections inside it did not change them. 3,543 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2025, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.