Leiria fire, 7 August 2023 Caranguejeira, Arrabal
The fire started on 7 August 2023 in Arrabal, Portugal, and satellites saw it burning for 2 days. Copernicus mapped a burnt perimeter of 146 hectares from satellite imagery, spread across 2 municipalities. According to ICNF, it was detected on 7 August 2023 at 13:47 and declared extinguished on 9 August 2023.
Number 29 in Portugal in 2023, of 39.
The power measured by the satellite is low (6.8 MW in the strongest hotspot), more typical of grass or stubble burning, or a slow surface fire, than of a large crown fire.
Compare with…
- Burnt area
- 146ha
- Copernicus perimeter
- Duration
- 2days
- 7 Aug 2023 – 8 Aug 2023
- Municipalities hit
- 2
- freguesias
- Started on
- 7 Aug
- 2023
- Heat detections
- 2
- in a single hotspot: 7 MW
- Danger at start
- 44
- Very high · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 6MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone 46 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
No earlier perimeters overlap this fire since 2016, when the satellite record begins.
What happened to each town
-
Caranguejeira 4,331 inhabitants · 1.7 km from the centre98 ha reached on 8 Aug3.2 %
-
48 ha reached on 7 Aug2.4 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the official perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
What burned
- Coniferous forest63 %
- Agricultural areas37 %
Land cover inside the perimeter according to Corine Land Cover, as reported by Copernicus.
Official record
According to ICNF, this fire started on 7 August 2023 and burned 135 ha (the satellite measured 146 ha).
- Leiria Caranguejeira 7 August 2023 · 13:47 135 ha · extinguished on 9 August 2023 · cause: negligence
ICNF (Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e das Florestas). This is the agency’s operational record: its figures may be revised when the year’s statistics are closed.
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 Aug | 37.5 °C | 20 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
| 8 Aug | 33.1 °C | 42 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 9 Aug after | 27.0 °C | 52 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 27 |
| 10 Aug after | 27.1 °C | 53 % | 44 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 27 |
| 11 Aug after | 28.2 °C | 58 % | 48 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 27 |
| 12 Aug after | 26.4 °C | 43 % | 52 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 31 |
| 13 Aug after | 23.8 °C | 54 % | 52 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 29 |
| 14 Aug after | 24.6 °C | 50 % | 49 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 28 |
| 15 Aug after | 24.6 °C | 59 % | 48 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 25 |
| 16 Aug after | 24.6 °C | 55 % | 46 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 26 |
| 17 Aug after | 25.8 °C | 53 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 24 |
| 18 Aug after | 28.5 °C | 51 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 24 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 7 August 2023 the air beside the fire reached 24 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 16: 1.1 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 2Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 3,691 haLeiria Colmeias e MemóriaJuly 2022 · 4 days · 7 km away
- 2,288 haOurém União das Freguesias de Gondemaria e Olival19 August 2022 · 4 days · 11 km away
- 1,547 haPombal AbiulOctober 2017 · 4 days · 21 km away
- 18,900 haPinhal de Leiria Pataias e MartingançaOctober 2017 · 8 days · 23 km away
- 8,311 haAnsião Freixianda, Ribeira do Fárrio e FormigaisJuly 2022 · 8 days · 23 km away
- 1,691 haSoure Degracias e PombalinhoSeptember 2016 · 2 days · 36 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Leiria fire last?
- Copernicus dates it between 7 August 2023 and 8 August 2023: 2 days between the first and last image with fire. According to ICNF, it was detected on 7 August 2023 at 13:47 and declared extinguished on 9 August 2023.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter Copernicus measured from satellite imagery is 146 hectares (1.5 km²). Official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire entered 2 municipalities: Caranguejeira (98 ha, 3.2 %); Arrabal (48 ha, 2.4 %).
- Did the fire reach a town?
- The fire came within 1.7 km of the centre of Caranguejeira, the closest of the areas it touched. That is the distance from the perimeter, or the nearest hotspot, to the point marking the centre; it does not mean it entered the houses.
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 37.5 °C, humidity dropped to 20 % and gusts hit 37 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 44, class Very high.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the EFFIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Portugal (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 112 · Emergency number and official warnings ›
- ICNF · Instituto da Conservação da Natureza e das Florestas ↗
- ANEPC · Proteção Civil ↗
- Fogos.pt (ocorrências em tempo real) ↗
Satellite cross-check
History of this page Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
No changes since 24 October 2026.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: EFFIS (Copernicus), mapped on satellite imagery.
- Dates from the perimeter: the VIIRS detections inside it did not change them. 2 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- Compared with ICNF: 135 official ha against 146 ha of perimeter; they agree within 25%.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter and land cover come from the Copernicus European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS), measured on MODIS and Sentinel-2 imagery and published under CC BY 4.0. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM3 (CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ slightly from each country’s official figure.