Burned area
satellite only5,299ha
Perimeter published by GWIS (Copernicus).
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus)
- Date
- 15 Dec 2019 – 31 Dec 2019
+− cross-check
No official record is matched to this page to compare it with.
TD · Chad · –
Lac Iro fire, 15 December 2019 Lac Iro, Haraze-Mangueigne
Out · last detection 31 Dec 2019, 12:15 UTC
The fire started on 15 December 2019 in Lac Iro, Chad, and satellites saw it burning for 17 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 5,299 hectares from heat detections, spread across 2 municipalities.
It is the 13th largest in Moyen-Chari since 2016 (of 181 with a page). Number 19 in Chad in 2019, of 154.
Use this data
Compare with…
Use this data
Fire page data · version 2026-11-15matches the official recordwith caveatssatellite onlymodel
When copying, the sentence is
Tick the figures you want: they make up the lede and the CSV.
Duration by satellite
satellite only17days
15 Dec 2019 to 31 Dec 2019: first and last day with fire on the page.
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus) · NASA FIRMS · VIIRS
- Date
- last detection: 31 Dec 2019, 12:15 UTC
+− cross-check
Satellites pass a few times a day and cloud or smoke can hide the fire: a lack of detections is not an official extinction. Each country’s emergency service declares a fire contained or out.
Start
satellite only15 Dec 2019
First day with fire seen by the satellites or the perimeter.
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus) · NASA FIRMS · VIIRS
- Date
- 15 Dec 2019
+− cross-check
No official record is matched to this page, so the alert time and the cause are not known here.
Hotspots
satellite only114
VIIRS detections at 375 m. Most intense hotspot: 97 MW.
- Source
- NASA FIRMS · VIIRS (Suomi NPP)
- Date
- 15 Dec 2019 – 31 Dec 2019
+− cross-check
There is no official record to compare with. Each hotspot is a pixel detected in one satellite pass, not a separate fire.
The worst day
satellite only494MW
Total radiative power on 23 December 2019; hotspots that day: 32.
- Source
- NASA FIRMS · VIIRS (FRP)
- Date
- 23 Dec 2019
+− cross-check
Fire radiative power (FRP) measures the energy the fire gives off when the satellite passes. Added up by day, it compares intensity, not area.
Danger at the start
model61.5FWI · extreme
Fire Weather Index (Canadian system) computed by WorldFires for the day the fire started. Consecutive days without rain before: 48.
- Source
- WorldFires calculation (Canadian FWI system)
- Date
- 15 Dec 2019, local noon
- Model
- ERA5 0,25° (ECMWF · Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com
+− cross-check
This is an index computed from weather model data, not a measurement of the fire nor an official warning. Danger warnings are issued by each country’s authority. Emergency number and official warnings
Weather during the fire
model36.4°C · 20% RH
High of 36.4 °C and minimum humidity of 20% on 15 December 2019; gusts of 40 km/h on 16 December 2019.
- Source
- weather model at the fire’s grid cell
- Date
- 15 Dec 2019 – 31 Dec 2019
- Model
- ERA5 0,25° (ECMWF · Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com
+− cross-check
These are model values for a cell of about 25 km, not from a weather station: they may differ from what was measured on the ground.
This page’s change log has been kept since 24 October 2026: every night what it publishes is compared and the difference is logged. Anything earlier is reconstructed from each source’s date and marked as reconstructed.
Show
-
logName: Haraze-Mangueigne → Lac Iro.
-
· reconstructed weatherWeather and FWI computed from the ERA5 reanalysis
-
logLast day with fire: 26 December 2019 → 31 December 2019.
-
logStart date: 21 December 2019 → 15 December 2019.
Area logged each night
Move the slider to see which area the page published each day.
Versioned permanent link
https://worldfires.org/en/fire/lac-iro-2019-12-3?v=2026-11-15A version keeps the area, dates, name and official record; the area as it was logged (changes under 2% are not logged). The map, hotspots and weather always show today’s data.
Citation
A lede of about 60 words figures only, no adjectives
CSV for this fire lac-iro-2019-12-3.csv · daily, no individual hotspots
| fecha | focos_viirs | frp_mw | tmax_c | tmin_c | hr_min_pct | viento_max_kmh | racha_max_kmh | precip_mm | fwi | clase_fwi | dentro_del_incendio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-12-15 | 0 | 0 | 36.4 | 18.9 | 20 | 14.2 | 30.6 | 0 | 61.5 | extremo | 1 |
| 2019-12-16 | 0 | 0 | 35.2 | 20.2 | 17 | 19.8 | 40.3 | 0 | 69 | extremo | 1 |
| 2019-12-17 | 0 | 0 | 34.9 | 20.4 | 16 | 18 | 35.6 | 0 | 62.5 | extremo | 1 |
| 2019-12-18 | 8 | 158 | 35.2 | 19.2 | 18 | 20 | 39.2 | 0 | 70.5 | muy_extremo | 1 |
| 2019-12-19 | 0 | 0 | 34.1 | 18.8 | 18 | 18.5 | 37.4 | 0 | 68.4 | extremo | 1 |
| 2019-12-20 | 0 | 0 | 34.9 | 18.6 | 17 | 14.5 | 31.7 | 0 | 63.3 | extremo | 1 |
| 2019-12-21 | 13 | 345 | 35 | 18.9 | 20 | 15.6 | 33.5 | 0 | 64.1 | extremo | 1 |
| 2019-12-22 | 14 | 189 | 35.2 | 19.7 | 20 | 14.7 | 32 | 0 | 64.2 | extremo | 1 |
| 2019-12-23 | 32 | 494 | 35 | 19.8 | 18 | 14.5 | 31 | 0 | 60.6 | extremo | 1 |
| 2019-12-24 | 24 | 362 | 35.6 | 19.9 | 19 | 13.8 | 29.9 | 0 | 63.1 | extremo | 1 |
| 2019-12-25 | 4 | 180 | 36 | 21 | 17 | 14.7 | 31 | 0 | 63.3 | extremo | 1 |
| 2019-12-26 | 2 | 17 | 34.7 | 20 | 15 | 18.2 | 37.4 | 0 | 67.5 | extremo | 1 |
| 2019-12-27 | 2 | 9 | 34.1 | 17.8 | 15 | 15 | 32.4 | 0 | 62.7 | extremo | 1 |
| 2019-12-28 | 1 | 10 | 33.8 | 17.9 | 14 | 14.6 | 31.3 | 0 | 61.2 | extremo | 1 |
| 2019-12-29 | 6 | 52 | 34.3 | 16.9 | 14 | 11.9 | 27 | 0 | 58.9 | extremo | 1 |
| 2019-12-30 | 6 | 32 | 34.8 | 16.2 | 17 | 11.5 | 27.7 | 0 | 59.1 | extremo | 1 |
| 2019-12-31 | 2 | 40 | 35.1 | 16.7 | 16 | 10.3 | 26.6 | 0 | 58.9 | extremo | 1 |
| 2020-01-01 | 0 | 0 | 33.8 | 18.1 | 17 | 15.3 | 31.3 | 0 | 64 | extremo | 0 |
| 2020-01-02 | 0 | 0 | 29.7 | 17.7 | 21 | 15.8 | 32 | 0 | 59.7 | extremo | 0 |
| 2020-01-03 | 0 | 0 | 31.1 | 16.7 | 19 | 14.4 | 29.9 | 0 | 57.4 | extremo | 0 |
| 2020-01-04 | 0 | 0 | 32.5 | 17.5 | 20 | 15.8 | 31.7 | 0 | 59.5 | extremo | 0 |
| 2020-01-05 | 0 | 0 | 33.1 | 18.1 | 19 | 17 | 35.6 | 0 | 60.3 | extremo | 0 |
| 2020-01-06 | 0 | 0 | 33.7 | 19 | 18 | 15.1 | 32.4 | 0 | 58.1 | extremo | 0 |
| 2020-01-07 | 0 | 0 | 35.3 | 19.5 | 18 | 17.4 | 36.7 | 0 | 69 | extremo | 0 |
| 2020-01-08 | 0 | 0 | 36.4 | 21 | 18 | 18.6 | 39.2 | 0 | 72.3 | muy_extremo | 0 |
| 2020-01-09 | 0 | 0 | 36.1 | 20.5 | 15 | 21.6 | 41.8 | 0 | 75.1 | muy_extremo | 0 |
| 2020-01-10 | 0 | 0 | 36.4 | 19.6 | 15 | 17.7 | 35.6 | 0 | 69.8 | extremo | 0 |
It is generated in your browser from this page’s data: one file per fire, aggregated by day and without individual hotspots.
Live widget for your story
It updates itself while the fire is still active and links to this page. Free, with the attribution shown at the bottom.
Sources for this page: GWIS (Copernicus), NASA FIRMS (VIIRS), ERA5 (ECMWF/Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0). Open-Meteo.com · How we build fire pages: methodology
- Burnt area
- 5,299ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 17days
- 15 Dec 2019 – 31 Dec 2019
- Municipalities hit
- 2
- departments
- Started on
- 15 Dec
- 2019
- Heat detections
- 114
- in a single hotspot: 97 MW
- Danger at start
- 62
- Extreme · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 157MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
HOTSPOTS BY DAY
15 Dec31 Dec
31 Dec 2019
How it evolved, day by day
18 Dec
23 Dec
26 Dec
29 Dec
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
36°high
40km/h · peak gust
14%lowest humidity
It had gone 48 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
48% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 2,570 ha in 2017.
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Lac Iro where it started3,174 ha0.2 %
-
2,151 ha0.1 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 Dec | 36.4 °C | 20 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 62 |
| 16 Dec | 35.2 °C | 17 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 69 |
| 17 Dec | 34.9 °C | 16 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 62 |
| 18 Dec | 35.2 °C | 18 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very extreme 70 |
| 19 Dec | 34.1 °C | 18 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 68 |
| 20 Dec | 34.9 °C | 17 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 63 |
| 21 Dec | 35.0 °C | 20 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 64 |
| 22 Dec | 35.2 °C | 20 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 64 |
| 23 Dec | 35.0 °C | 18 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 61 |
| 24 Dec | 35.6 °C | 19 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 63 |
| 25 Dec | 36.0 °C | 17 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 63 |
| 26 Dec | 34.7 °C | 15 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 68 |
| 27 Dec | 34.1 °C | 15 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 63 |
| 28 Dec | 33.8 °C | 14 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 61 |
| 29 Dec | 34.3 °C | 14 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 59 |
| 30 Dec | 34.8 °C | 17 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 59 |
| 31 Dec | 35.1 °C | 16 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 59 |
| 1 Jan after | 33.8 °C | 17 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 64 |
| 2 Jan after | 29.7 °C | 21 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 60 |
| 3 Jan after | 31.1 °C | 19 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 57 |
| 4 Jan after | 32.5 °C | 20 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 60 |
| 5 Jan after | 33.1 °C | 19 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 60 |
| 6 Jan after | 33.7 °C | 18 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 58 |
| 7 Jan after | 35.3 °C | 18 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 69 |
| 8 Jan after | 36.4 °C | 18 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very extreme 72 |
| 9 Jan after | 36.1 °C | 15 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very extreme 75 |
| 10 Jan after | 36.4 °C | 15 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 70 |
Its twins: fires that started in the same weather
It started with an FWI of 61.5, a minimum humidity of 20% and 48 days without rain. Fires in the area that started in weather like this since 2016: 61.
FWI at the start
61.5
Minimum humidity
20 %
Days without rain
48
this fire
chosen twins
rest of the area
Almost identicalSimilar
Outlines of the closest twins
This fire · Lac Iro fire, 15 December 2019
5,299 ha
17 days
FWI 61.5
Min. humidity 20 %
Haraze-Mangueigne fire, December 2016
2,089 ha
3 days
FWI 60.2
Min. humidity 20 %
97 km away, in 2016
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
Barh-Signaka fire, December 2018
13,800 ha
23 days
FWI 60.4
Min. humidity 19 %
124 km away, in 2018
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
Lac Iro fire, December 2017
2,323 ha
14 days
FWI 61.7
Min. humidity 18 %
104 km away, in 2017
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
Haraze-Mangueigne fire, December 2024
2,028 ha
15 days
FWI 59.0
Min. humidity 18 %
57 km away, in 2024
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
Haraze-Mangueigne fire, December 2022
2,358 ha
10 days
FWI 64.7
Min. humidity 21 %
76 km away, in 2022
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
What happened to them
- 9 days
- median duration
- 2,861 ha
- median area
- 100 %
- went past 1,000 ha
- —
- rain at the end (median; 0 of 61 had it)
It was 1.9 times larger than the median of its twins and lasted 17 days, against 9 days.
Only 13 of its 61 twins burned more. The weather on the first day does not explain everything: the wind in the following days, the fuel and the firefighting also count. In none of them did 1 mm fall in the ten days after the end: they all went out without rain.
This is a bank of analogues: it shows what usually happens, not what will happen. With fewer than 15 twins we give no figures. How we calculate it
How it ended
—first rain
—no rain in ten days
40km/h · max. gust
It was considered over on 31 Dec, and not even 1 mm fell in the following ten days: it went out without rain. None of its 61 twins had rain when they ended.
Weather on this page: Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
How a twin is chosen
- Same area: fires that have already ended, less than 250 km from this one, since 2016.
- Same start: we compare the FWI on the first day, the minimum humidity that day and the run of days without rain before it. The slider sets how much they may differ.
- Only pages with final weather data (ERA5 reanalysis) calculated in the same way as this fire’s; agricultural and grass burns and pages with data under review are left out.
- Fires burning at the same time as this one (a week before or after) are left out: they share the same spell of weather and do not count as a precedent.
- They are sorted by similarity, and the outlines of the first five are drawn.
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
↔
Before · 8 Dec 2019
After · 7 Jan 2020
Sentinel-2 did not pass over on that day. Try another date, or use false colour, which is daily.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
Detections table · 114Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
⬇ Download CSV
Times in UTC. Each detection is a 375 m pixel: a large fire yields hundreds per pass.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Lac Iro fire last?
- According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 15 December 2019 to 31 December 2019 (17 days). The perimeter dates it from 21 December 2019 to 26 December 2019.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 5,299 hectares (53.0 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire entered 2 municipalities: Lac Iro (3,174 ha, 0.2 %); Haraze-Mangueigne (2,151 ha, 0.1 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 36.4 °C, humidity dropped to 14 % and gusts hit 40 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 70, class Very extreme.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Chad (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
- How did the fires that started in similar weather in this area end?
- Fires less than 250 km away that started since 2016 with a similar FWI, humidity and dry spell: 61. Their median duration was 9 days and their median area 2,861 ha; 100 % went past 1,000 ha. Only 13 of its 61 twins burned more. The weather on the first day does not explain everything: the wind in the following days, the fuel and the firefighting also count. In none of them did 1 mm fall in the ten days after the end: they all went out without rain.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Satellite cross-check
History of this page · 3 Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
- Name: Haraze-Mangueigne → Lac Iro.
- Last day with fire: 26 December 2019 → 31 December 2019.
- Start date: 21 December 2019 → 15 December 2019.
RSS Changes to this page With cross-checks and a citable version
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 21 December 2019 to 26 December 2019. 114 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.