Burned area
satellite only13,800ha
Union of 2 GWIS (Copernicus) perimeters: overlapping areas count once.
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus)
- Date
- 11 Dec 2018 – 2 Jan 2019
+− cross-check
No official record is matched to this page to compare it with.
TD · Chad · –
Barh-Signaka fire, 11 December 2018 Barh-Signaka
Out · last detection 2 Jan 2019, 12:23 UTC
The fire started on 11 December 2018 in Barh-Signaka, Chad, and satellites saw it burning for 23 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 13,800 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 5th largest in Guéra since 2016 (of 193 with a page). Number 2 in Chad in 2018, of 78.
Use this data
Compare with…
Use this data
Fire page data · version 2026-10-27matches the official recordwith caveatssatellite onlymodel
When copying, the sentence is
Tick the figures you want: they make up the lede and the CSV.
Duration by satellite
satellite only23days
11 Dec 2018 to 2 Jan 2019: first and last day with fire on the page.
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus) · NASA FIRMS · VIIRS
- Date
- last detection: 2 Jan 2019, 12:23 UTC
+− cross-check
Satellites pass a few times a day and cloud or smoke can hide the fire: a lack of detections is not an official extinction. Each country’s emergency service declares a fire contained or out.
Start
satellite only11 Dec 2018
First day with fire seen by the satellites or the perimeter.
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus) · NASA FIRMS · VIIRS
- Date
- 11 Dec 2018
+− cross-check
No official record is matched to this page, so the alert time and the cause are not known here.
Hotspots
satellite only363
VIIRS detections at 375 m. Most intense hotspot: 110 MW.
- Source
- NASA FIRMS · VIIRS (Suomi NPP)
- Date
- 11 Dec 2018 – 2 Jan 2019
+− cross-check
There is no official record to compare with. Each hotspot is a pixel detected in one satellite pass, not a separate fire.
The worst day
satellite only381MW
Total radiative power on 25 December 2018; hotspots that day: 36.
- Source
- NASA FIRMS · VIIRS (FRP)
- Date
- 25 Dec 2018
+− cross-check
Fire radiative power (FRP) measures the energy the fire gives off when the satellite passes. Added up by day, it compares intensity, not area.
Danger at the start
model50.1FWI · extreme
Fire Weather Index (Canadian system) computed by WorldFires for the day the fire started. Consecutive days without rain before: 48.
- Source
- WorldFires calculation (Canadian FWI system)
- Date
- 11 Dec 2018, local noon
- Model
- ERA5 0,25° (ECMWF · Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com
+− cross-check
This is an index computed from weather model data, not a measurement of the fire nor an official warning. Danger warnings are issued by each country’s authority. Emergency number and official warnings
Weather during the fire
model37.7°C · 13% RH
High of 37.7 °C and minimum humidity of 13% on 16 December 2018; gusts of 40 km/h on 16 December 2018.
- Source
- weather model at the fire’s grid cell
- Date
- 11 Dec 2018 – 2 Jan 2019
- Model
- ERA5 0,25° (ECMWF · Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com
+− cross-check
These are model values for a cell of about 25 km, not from a weather station: they may differ from what was measured on the ground.
This page’s change log has been kept since 24 October 2026: every night what it publishes is compared and the difference is logged. Anything earlier is reconstructed from each source’s date and marked as reconstructed.
Show
-
logLast day with fire: 30 December 2018 → 2 January 2019.
-
logStart date: 13 December 2018 → 11 December 2018.
-
· reconstructed weatherWeather and FWI computed from the ERA5 reanalysis
-
· reconstructed GHSLPopulation and built-up area computed
What was saved on 27 October 2026
Every night a snapshot of what the page shows is saved. If anything changes, it appears in the list as a log entry.
- Area
- 13,810 ha
- Dates
- 11 Dec 2018 – 2 Jan 2019
- Name
- Barh-Signaka
- Official record
- —
Versioned permanent link
https://worldfires.org/en/fire/barh-signaka-2018-12?v=2026-10-27A version keeps the area, dates, name and official record; the area as it was logged (changes under 2% are not logged). The map, hotspots and weather always show today’s data.
Citation
A lede of about 60 words figures only, no adjectives
CSV for this fire barh-signaka-2018-12.csv · daily, no individual hotspots
| fecha | focos_viirs | frp_mw | tmax_c | tmin_c | hr_min_pct | viento_max_kmh | racha_max_kmh | precip_mm | fwi | clase_fwi | dentro_del_incendio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-12-11 | 1 | 2 | 35.2 | 20.3 | 19 | 14.7 | 31.7 | 0 | 50.1 | extremo | 1 |
| 2018-12-12 | 0 | 0 | 35.5 | 20.4 | 16 | 13.7 | 32 | 0 | 49.3 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2018-12-13 | 18 | 330 | 35.8 | 19.7 | 15 | 14.9 | 32 | 0 | 51 | extremo | 1 |
| 2018-12-14 | 6 | 91 | 36.1 | 19.2 | 13 | 14.4 | 32.4 | 0 | 50.7 | extremo | 1 |
| 2018-12-15 | 10 | 27 | 36.4 | 19 | 12 | 11.7 | 28.1 | 0 | 47.9 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2018-12-16 | 15 | 32 | 37.7 | 21.4 | 13 | 18.9 | 40 | 0 | 56.8 | extremo | 1 |
| 2018-12-17 | 5 | 23 | 37.7 | 21.4 | 12 | 19.7 | 39.6 | 0 | 58.6 | extremo | 1 |
| 2018-12-18 | 13 | 45 | 34.9 | 21 | 12 | 17.7 | 36.4 | 0 | 56.3 | extremo | 1 |
| 2018-12-19 | 22 | 62 | 34.9 | 18.9 | 12 | 14.6 | 33.1 | 0 | 52.8 | extremo | 1 |
| 2018-12-20 | 11 | 8 | 33.9 | 19 | 12 | 17.1 | 36 | 0 | 56.2 | extremo | 1 |
| 2018-12-21 | 14 | 34 | 33.6 | 17.9 | 12 | 17 | 36 | 0 | 56.3 | extremo | 1 |
| 2018-12-22 | 21 | 106 | 34.8 | 17.5 | 14 | 14.2 | 32.4 | 0 | 53.1 | extremo | 1 |
| 2018-12-23 | 18 | 137 | 33.8 | 18.5 | 13 | 15.2 | 32.8 | 0 | 54.6 | extremo | 1 |
| 2018-12-24 | 32 | 161 | 34.2 | 18.2 | 14 | 15.2 | 33.5 | 0 | 54.9 | extremo | 1 |
| 2018-12-25 | 36 | 381 | 34.3 | 18.5 | 16 | 14.5 | 30.6 | 0 | 52.8 | extremo | 1 |
| 2018-12-26 | 27 | 72 | 35.2 | 20 | 16 | 13 | 30.2 | 0 | 51.3 | extremo | 1 |
| 2018-12-27 | 1 | 6 | 35.3 | 20.1 | 18 | 14.4 | 29.5 | 0 | 51.7 | extremo | 1 |
| 2018-12-28 | 22 | 139 | 35.8 | 20.9 | 20 | 15.1 | 29.2 | 0 | 51.2 | extremo | 1 |
| 2018-12-29 | 52 | 207 | 35.7 | 21.8 | 18 | 16.6 | 29.2 | 0 | 53.2 | extremo | 1 |
| 2018-12-30 | 30 | 57 | 35.6 | 20.3 | 17 | 16.2 | 34.2 | 0 | 53 | extremo | 1 |
| 2018-12-31 | 0 | 0 | 35.3 | 21.4 | 15 | 15.5 | 31 | 0 | 52.4 | extremo | 1 |
| 2019-01-01 | 2 | 6 | 35.8 | 20.1 | 14 | 17.9 | 33.1 | 0 | 55.6 | extremo | 1 |
| 2019-01-02 | 7 | 56 | 36.3 | 21 | 13 | 18.5 | 33.5 | 0 | 56.6 | extremo | 1 |
| 2019-01-03 | 0 | 0 | 35.6 | 19.8 | 16 | 15.9 | 32.4 | 0 | 53.6 | extremo | 0 |
| 2019-01-04 | 0 | 0 | 36.4 | 19.5 | 18 | 16.6 | 31.3 | 0 | 54.7 | extremo | 0 |
| 2019-01-05 | 0 | 0 | 38.4 | 21.9 | 15 | 19.1 | 33.5 | 0 | 58.2 | extremo | 0 |
| 2019-01-06 | 0 | 0 | 37.7 | 21.7 | 17 | 18.5 | 32.8 | 0 | 57.6 | extremo | 0 |
| 2019-01-07 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 20.4 | 15 | 18.4 | 34.6 | 0 | 57.8 | extremo | 0 |
| 2019-01-08 | 0 | 0 | 35.7 | 19.7 | 16 | 15.8 | 30.6 | 0 | 54.7 | extremo | 0 |
| 2019-01-09 | 0 | 0 | 35.3 | 19.1 | 14 | 14.8 | 31.3 | 0 | 53.7 | extremo | 0 |
| 2019-01-10 | 0 | 0 | 36.2 | 18.4 | 11 | 13.4 | 32 | 0 | 52.3 | extremo | 0 |
| 2019-01-11 | 0 | 0 | 37.2 | 22.2 | 13 | 13.8 | 32.8 | 0 | 53 | extremo | 0 |
| 2019-01-12 | 0 | 0 | 38.7 | 22.1 | 12 | 14.2 | 30.2 | 0 | 53.7 | extremo | 0 |
It is generated in your browser from this page’s data: one file per fire, aggregated by day and without individual hotspots.
Live widget for your story
It updates itself while the fire is still active and links to this page. Free, with the attribution shown at the bottom.
Sources for this page: GWIS (Copernicus), NASA FIRMS (VIIRS), ERA5 (ECMWF/Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0), GHSL (JRC). Open-Meteo.com · How we build fire pages: methodology
- Burnt area
- 13,800ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 23days
- 11 Dec 2018 – 2 Jan 2019
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- departments
- Started on
- 11 Dec
- 2018
- Heat detections
- 363
- in a single hotspot: 110 MW
- Danger at start
- 50
- Extreme · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 94MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
HOTSPOTS BY DAY
11 Dec2 Jan
2 Jan 2019
How it evolved, day by day
11 Dec
17 Dec
25 Dec
2 Jan
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
38°high
40km/h · peak gust
12%lowest humidity
It had gone 48 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
50% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 3,798 ha in 2016, 5,431 ha in 2017. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 6,912 ha that had burned before.
- 2,944 ha Barh-Signaka fire, December 2017 4,059 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,315 ha Barh-Signaka fire, April 2017 2,279 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 913 ha Barh-Signaka fire, April 2017 3,479 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 650 ha Barh-Signaka fire, March 2016 2,530 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 9 ha Barh-Signaka fire, November 2016 6,814 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Barh-Signaka where it started13,894 ha reached on 11 Dec0.4 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2020Built-up area< 0.1 ha
Residents< 20
Inside the perimeter there was no noticeable built-up land and almost nobody lived there (GHSL 2020, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 Dec | 35.2 °C | 19 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 50 |
| 12 Dec | 35.5 °C | 16 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 13 Dec | 35.8 °C | 15 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 51 |
| 14 Dec | 36.1 °C | 13 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 51 |
| 15 Dec | 36.4 °C | 12 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 16 Dec | 37.7 °C | 13 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 57 |
| 17 Dec | 37.7 °C | 12 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 59 |
| 18 Dec | 34.9 °C | 12 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 56 |
| 19 Dec | 34.9 °C | 12 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 53 |
| 20 Dec | 33.9 °C | 12 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 56 |
| 21 Dec | 33.6 °C | 12 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 56 |
| 22 Dec | 34.8 °C | 14 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 53 |
| 23 Dec | 33.8 °C | 13 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 55 |
| 24 Dec | 34.2 °C | 14 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 55 |
| 25 Dec | 34.3 °C | 16 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 53 |
| 26 Dec | 35.2 °C | 16 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 51 |
| 27 Dec | 35.3 °C | 18 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 28 Dec | 35.8 °C | 20 % | 29 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 51 |
| 29 Dec | 35.7 °C | 18 % | 29 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 53 |
| 30 Dec | 35.6 °C | 17 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 53 |
| 31 Dec | 35.3 °C | 15 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 1 Jan | 35.8 °C | 14 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 56 |
| 2 Jan | 36.3 °C | 13 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 57 |
| 3 Jan after | 35.6 °C | 16 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 54 |
| 4 Jan after | 36.4 °C | 18 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 55 |
| 5 Jan after | 38.4 °C | 15 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 58 |
| 6 Jan after | 37.7 °C | 17 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 58 |
| 7 Jan after | 36.0 °C | 15 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 58 |
| 8 Jan after | 35.7 °C | 16 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 55 |
| 9 Jan after | 35.3 °C | 14 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 54 |
| 10 Jan after | 36.2 °C | 11 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 11 Jan after | 37.2 °C | 13 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 53 |
| 12 Jan after | 38.7 °C | 12 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 54 |
Its twins: fires that started in the same weather
It started with an FWI of 50.1, a minimum humidity of 19% and 48 days without rain. Fires in the area that started in weather like this since 2016: 28.
FWI at the start
50.1
Minimum humidity
19 %
Days without rain
48
this fire
chosen twins
rest of the area
Almost identicalSimilar
Outlines of the closest twins
This fire · Barh-Signaka fire, 11 December 2018
13,800 ha
23 days
FWI 50.1
Min. humidity 19 %
Bahr-Azoum fire, December 2016
2,315 ha
3 days
FWI 48.2
Min. humidity 20 %
84 km away, in 2016
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
Bahr-Azoum fire, December 2016
2,331 ha
10 days
FWI 49.3
Min. humidity 16 %
65 km away, in 2016
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
Haraze-Mangueigne fire, December 2019
2,219 ha
18 days
FWI 46.3
Min. humidity 19 %
126 km away, in 2019
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
Haraze-Mangueigne fire, December 2020
5,047 ha
9 days
FWI 48.5
Min. humidity 18 %
159 km away, in 2020
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
Haraze-Mangueigne fire, November 2020
2,962 ha
8 days
FWI 48.1
Min. humidity 19 %
148 km away, in 2020
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
What happened to them
- 8 days
- median duration
- 2,364 ha
- median area
- 100 %
- went past 1,000 ha
- —
- rain at the end (median; 0 of 28 had it)
It was 5.8 times larger than the median of its twins and lasted 23 days, against 8 days.
None of its 28 twins burned more. The weather on the first day does not explain everything: the wind in the following days, the fuel and the firefighting also count. In none of them did 1 mm fall in the ten days after the end: they all went out without rain.
This is a bank of analogues: it shows what usually happens, not what will happen. With fewer than 15 twins we give no figures. How we calculate it
How it ended
—first rain
—no rain in ten days
40km/h · max. gust
It was considered over on 2 Jan, and not even 1 mm fell in the following ten days: it went out without rain. None of its 28 twins had rain when they ended.
Weather on this page: Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
How a twin is chosen
- Same area: fires that have already ended, less than 250 km from this one, since 2016.
- Same start: we compare the FWI on the first day, the minimum humidity that day and the run of days without rain before it. The slider sets how much they may differ.
- Only pages with final weather data (ERA5 reanalysis) calculated in the same way as this fire’s; agricultural and grass burns and pages with data under review are left out.
- Fires burning at the same time as this one (a week before or after) are left out: they share the same spell of weather and do not count as a precedent.
- They are sorted by similarity, and the outlines of the first five are drawn.
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
↔
Before · 4 Dec 2018
After · 9 Jan 2019
Sentinel-2 did not pass over on that day. Try another date, or use false colour, which is daily.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
Detections table · 363Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
⬇ Download CSV
Times in UTC. Each detection is a 375 m pixel: a large fire yields hundreds per pass.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 19,066 haBarh-Signaka19 February 2021 · 12 days · 6 km away
- 25,125 haBarh-Signaka19 January 2020 · 12 days · 9 km away
- 40,728 haBarh-Signaka28 February 2026 · 16 days · 12 km away
- 19,132 haBarh-Signaka1 January 2022 · 13 days · 13 km away
- 19,562 haBarh-Signaka8 January 2026 · 11 days · 27 km away
- 10,520 haBarh-Signaka27 November 2016 · 12 days · 30 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Barh-Signaka fire last?
- According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 11 December 2018 to 2 January 2019 (23 days). The perimeter dates it from 13 December 2018 to 30 December 2018.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 13,800 hectares (138.0 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Barh-Signaka (13,894 ha, 0.4 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 37.7 °C, humidity dropped to 12 % and gusts hit 40 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 59, class Extreme.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Chad (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
- How did the fires that started in similar weather in this area end?
- Fires less than 250 km away that started since 2016 with a similar FWI, humidity and dry spell: 28. Their median duration was 8 days and their median area 2,364 ha; 100 % went past 1,000 ha. None of its 28 twins burned more. The weather on the first day does not explain everything: the wind in the following days, the fuel and the firefighting also count. In none of them did 1 mm fall in the ten days after the end: they all went out without rain.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Satellite cross-check
History of this page · 2 Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
- Last day with fire: 30 December 2018 → 2 January 2019.
- Start date: 13 December 2018 → 11 December 2018.
RSS Changes to this page With cross-checks and a citable version
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery; 2 polygons grouped in this page.
- Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 13 December 2018 to 30 December 2018. 363 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2020, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.