Burned area
satellite only4,094ha
Perimeter published by GWIS (Copernicus).
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus)
- Date
- 3 Oct 2021 – 11 Oct 2021
+− cross-check
No official record is matched to this page to compare it with.
BR · Brazil · –
João Costa fire, October 2021 Brejo do Piauí, João Costa
Out · last detection 11 Oct 2021, 15:48 UTC
The fire started on 3 October 2021 in João Costa, Brazil, and satellites saw it burning for 9 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 4,094 hectares from heat detections, spread across 2 municipalities.
It is the 418th largest in Piaui since 2016 (of 665 with a page). Number 531 in Brazil in 2021, of 814.
Use this data
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Fire page data · version 2026-10-24matches the official recordwith caveatssatellite onlymodel
When copying, the sentence is
Tick the figures you want: they make up the lede and the CSV.
Duration by satellite
satellite only9days
3 Oct 2021 to 11 Oct 2021: first and last day with fire on the page.
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus) · NASA FIRMS · VIIRS
- Date
- last detection: 11 Oct 2021, 15:48 UTC
+− cross-check
Satellites pass a few times a day and cloud or smoke can hide the fire: a lack of detections is not an official extinction. Each country’s emergency service declares a fire contained or out.
Start
satellite only3 Oct 2021
First day with fire seen by the satellites or the perimeter.
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus) · NASA FIRMS · VIIRS
- Date
- 3 Oct 2021
+− cross-check
No official record is matched to this page, so the alert time and the cause are not known here.
Hotspots
satellite only126
VIIRS detections at 375 m. Most intense hotspot: 112 MW.
- Source
- NASA FIRMS · VIIRS (Suomi NPP)
- Date
- 3 Oct 2021 – 11 Oct 2021
+− cross-check
There is no official record to compare with. Each hotspot is a pixel detected in one satellite pass, not a separate fire.
The worst day
satellite only839MW
Total radiative power on 9 October 2021; hotspots that day: 44.
- Source
- NASA FIRMS · VIIRS (FRP)
- Date
- 9 Oct 2021
+− cross-check
Fire radiative power (FRP) measures the energy the fire gives off when the satellite passes. Added up by day, it compares intensity, not area.
Danger at the start
model47.6FWI · very high
Fire Weather Index (Canadian system) computed by WorldFires for the day the fire started. Consecutive days without rain before: 60.
- Source
- WorldFires calculation (Canadian FWI system)
- Date
- 3 Oct 2021, local noon
- Model
- ERA5 0,25° (ECMWF · Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com
+− cross-check
This is an index computed from weather model data, not a measurement of the fire nor an official warning. Danger warnings are issued by each country’s authority. Emergency number and official warnings
Weather during the fire
model39.2°C · 19% RH
High of 39.2 °C and minimum humidity of 19% on 8 October 2021; gusts of 49 km/h on 3 October 2021.
- Source
- weather model at the fire’s grid cell
- Date
- 3 Oct 2021 – 11 Oct 2021
- Model
- ERA5 0,25° (ECMWF · Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com
+− cross-check
These are model values for a cell of about 25 km, not from a weather station: they may differ from what was measured on the ground.
This page’s change log has been kept since 24 October 2026: every night what it publishes is compared and the difference is logged. Anything earlier is reconstructed from each source’s date and marked as reconstructed.
Show
-
· reconstructed GHSLPopulation and built-up area computed
-
· reconstructed weatherWeather and FWI computed from the ERA5 reanalysis
What was saved on 24 October 2026
Every night a snapshot of what the page shows is saved. If anything changes, it appears in the list as a log entry.
- Area
- 4,094 ha
- Dates
- 3 Oct 2021 – 11 Oct 2021
- Name
- João Costa
- Official record
- —
Versioned permanent link
https://worldfires.org/en/fire/joao-costa-2021-10?v=2026-10-24A version keeps the area, dates, name and official record; the area as it was logged (changes under 2% are not logged). The map, hotspots and weather always show today’s data.
Citation
A lede of about 60 words figures only, no adjectives
CSV for this fire joao-costa-2021-10.csv · daily, no individual hotspots
| fecha | focos_viirs | frp_mw | tmax_c | tmin_c | hr_min_pct | viento_max_kmh | racha_max_kmh | precip_mm | fwi | clase_fwi | dentro_del_incendio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021-10-03 | 3 | 21 | 36.9 | 26.1 | 22 | 18.5 | 49 | 0 | 47.6 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2021-10-04 | 11 | 189 | 38.3 | 25.6 | 17 | 16.6 | 39.6 | 0 | 50.5 | extremo | 1 |
| 2021-10-05 | 0 | 0 | 38.8 | 25.6 | 17 | 17.7 | 42.1 | 0 | 52.5 | extremo | 1 |
| 2021-10-06 | 3 | 15 | 38.7 | 25.1 | 13 | 17.2 | 41.4 | 0 | 55.6 | extremo | 1 |
| 2021-10-07 | 4 | 36 | 38.2 | 25.2 | 16 | 17.9 | 40 | 0 | 56.7 | extremo | 1 |
| 2021-10-08 | 31 | 651 | 39.2 | 24.9 | 19 | 18 | 42.8 | 0 | 57.1 | extremo | 1 |
| 2021-10-09 | 44 | 839 | 38.2 | 27.2 | 19 | 17.4 | 39.2 | 0 | 56.6 | extremo | 1 |
| 2021-10-10 | 18 | 237 | 37.7 | 26.1 | 24 | 19.2 | 45 | 0 | 54.5 | extremo | 1 |
| 2021-10-11 | 12 | 35 | 36.9 | 25.7 | 26 | 11 | 31.3 | 0.4 | 43 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2021-10-12 | 0 | 0 | 36.5 | 25.9 | 30 | 7 | 24.8 | 0.3 | 36.5 | alto | 0 |
| 2021-10-13 | 0 | 0 | 37.1 | 27.1 | 28 | 10.7 | 31 | 0.1 | 40.1 | muy_alto | 0 |
| 2021-10-14 | 0 | 0 | 37.7 | 27.7 | 24 | 19.2 | 43.6 | 0 | 49.2 | muy_alto | 0 |
| 2021-10-15 | 0 | 0 | 37 | 28.6 | 26 | 17.3 | 43.6 | 0 | 47.3 | muy_alto | 0 |
| 2021-10-16 | 0 | 0 | 38.3 | 26.3 | 21 | 20.1 | 47.5 | 0 | 51.4 | extremo | 0 |
| 2021-10-17 | 0 | 0 | 38.2 | 26.2 | 24 | 18.9 | 46.8 | 0 | 50.2 | extremo | 0 |
| 2021-10-18 | 0 | 0 | 37.1 | 27.3 | 24 | 18.8 | 47.2 | 0 | 50.3 | extremo | 0 |
| 2021-10-19 | 0 | 0 | 36.4 | 24.8 | 26 | 11.9 | 31.3 | 0 | 43 | muy_alto | 0 |
| 2021-10-20 | 0 | 0 | 34.3 | 25.1 | 39 | 12.9 | 34.9 | 0.9 | 27.6 | alto | 0 |
| 2021-10-21 | 0 | 0 | 33.1 | 25.4 | 41 | 13.6 | 32.8 | 0.7 | 26.8 | alto | 0 |
It is generated in your browser from this page’s data: one file per fire, aggregated by day and without individual hotspots.
Live widget for your story
It updates itself while the fire is still active and links to this page. Free, with the attribution shown at the bottom.
Sources for this page: GWIS (Copernicus), NASA FIRMS (VIIRS), ERA5 (ECMWF/Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0), GHSL (JRC). Open-Meteo.com · How we build fire pages: methodology
- Burnt area
- 4,094ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 9days
- 3 Oct 2021 – 11 Oct 2021
- Municipalities hit
- 2
- municipalities
- Started on
- 3 Oct
- 2021
- Heat detections
- 126
- in a single hotspot: 112 MW
- Danger at start
- 48
- Very high · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 253MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
HOTSPOTS BY DAY
3 Oct11 Oct
11 Oct 2021
How it evolved, day by day
3 Oct
6 Oct
9 Oct
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
39°high
49km/h · peak gust
13%lowest humidity
It had gone more than two months without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
11% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 491 ha in 2020. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 463 ha that had burned before.
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Brejo do Piauí 3,904 inhabitants3,257 ha reached on 7 Oct1.4 %
-
863 ha reached on 3 Oct0.5 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2020Built-up area< 0.1 ha
Residents< 20
Inside the perimeter there was no noticeable built-up land and almost nobody lived there (GHSL 2020, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
Started with 60 days without rain: 55 % of the area in Brazil
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 Oct | 36.9 °C | 22 % | 49 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 4 Oct | 38.3 °C | 17 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 50 |
| 5 Oct | 38.8 °C | 17 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 6 Oct | 38.7 °C | 13 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 56 |
| 7 Oct | 38.2 °C | 16 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 57 |
| 8 Oct | 39.2 °C | 19 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 57 |
| 9 Oct | 38.2 °C | 19 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 57 |
| 10 Oct | 37.7 °C | 24 % | 45 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 54 |
| 11 Oct | 36.9 °C | 26 % | 31 km/h | 0.4 mm | Very high 43 |
| 12 Oct after | 36.5 °C | 30 % | 25 km/h | 0.3 mm | High 36 |
| 13 Oct after | 37.1 °C | 28 % | 31 km/h | 0.1 mm | Very high 40 |
| 14 Oct after | 37.7 °C | 24 % | 44 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 15 Oct after | 37.0 °C | 26 % | 44 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 16 Oct after | 38.3 °C | 21 % | 48 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 51 |
| 17 Oct after | 38.2 °C | 24 % | 47 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 50 |
| 18 Oct after | 37.1 °C | 24 % | 47 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 50 |
| 19 Oct after | 36.4 °C | 26 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 43 |
| 20 Oct after | 34.3 °C | 39 % | 35 km/h | 0.9 mm | High 28 |
| 21 Oct after | 33.1 °C | 41 % | 33 km/h | 0.7 mm | High 27 |
Its twins: fires that started in the same weather
It started with an FWI of 47.6, a minimum humidity of 22% and more than two months without rain. Fires in the area that started in weather like this since 2016: 16.
FWI at the start
47.6
Minimum humidity
22 %
Days without rain
60+
this fire
chosen twins
rest of the area
Almost identicalSimilar
Outlines of the closest twins
This fire · João Costa fire, October 2021
4,094 ha
9 days
FWI 47.6
Min. humidity 22 %
São João do Piauí fire, August 2020
3,012 ha
17 days
FWI 46.3
Min. humidity 22 %
30 km away, in 2020
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
Itaueira fire, August 2023
3,583 ha
17 days
FWI 47.3
Min. humidity 22 %
108 km away, in 2023
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
Ribeira do Piauí fire, September 2020
15,730 ha
14 days
FWI 48.4
Min. humidity 23 %
42 km away, in 2020
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: 6.8 mm on 12 Oct.
São José do Peixe fire, August 2018
3,225 ha
19 days
FWI 48.0
Min. humidity 23 %
98 km away, in 2018
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
Oeiras fire, August 2016
3,694 ha
11 days
FWI 46.9
Min. humidity 22 %
146 km away, in 2016
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
What happened to them
- 13 days
- median duration
- 3,650 ha
- median area
- 6 %
- went past 10,000 ha
- 4.0 mm
- rain at the end (median; 3 of 16 had it)
It burned an area similar to its twins (4,094 ha against a median of 3,650 ha) and lasted 9 days, against 13 days.
In 13 of 16, not even 1 mm fell in the ten days after the end: they went out without rain. In the rest, the first rainy day brought a median of 4.0 mm.
This is a bank of analogues: it shows what usually happens, not what will happen. With fewer than 15 twins we give no figures. How we calculate it
How it ended
—first rain
—no rain in ten days
49km/h · max. gust
It was considered over on 11 Oct, and not even 1 mm fell in the following ten days: it went out without rain. Twins with rain when they ended: 3 of 16, with a median of 4.0 mm.
Weather on this page: Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
How a twin is chosen
- Same area: fires that have already ended, less than 250 km from this one, since 2016.
- Same start: we compare the FWI on the first day, the minimum humidity that day and the run of days without rain before it. The slider sets how much they may differ.
- Only pages with final weather data (ERA5 reanalysis) calculated in the same way as this fire’s; agricultural and grass burns and pages with data under review are left out.
- Fires burning at the same time as this one (a week before or after) are left out: they share the same spell of weather and do not count as a precedent.
- They are sorted by similarity, and the outlines of the first five are drawn.
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
↔
Before · 26 Sept 2021
After · 18 Oct 2021
Sentinel-2 did not pass over on that day. Try another date, or use false colour, which is daily.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
Detections table · 126Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
⬇ Download CSV
Times in UTC. Each detection is a 375 m pixel: a large fire yields hundreds per pass.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 16,639 haJoão CostaAugust 2020 · 26 days · 16 km away
- 29,999 haBrejo do PiauíAugust 2020 · 55 days · 19 km away
- 7,467 haSão João do PiauíOctober 2021 · 12 days · 19 km away
- 9,238 haRibeira do Piauí4 September 2020 · 18 days · 26 km away
- 18,260 haTamboril do PiauíSeptember 2021 · 29 days · 38 km away
- 10,166 haPedro LaurentinoSeptember 2024 · 11 days · 40 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the João Costa fire last?
- GWIS (Copernicus) dates it between 3 October 2021 and 11 October 2021: 9 days between the first and last heat detection of the perimeter.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 4,094 hectares (40.9 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire entered 2 municipalities: Brejo do Piauí (3,257 ha, 1.4 %); João Costa (863 ha, 0.5 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 39.2 °C, humidity dropped to 13 % and gusts hit 49 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 57, class Extreme.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Brazil (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
- How did the fires that started in similar weather in this area end?
- Fires less than 250 km away that started since 2016 with a similar FWI, humidity and dry spell: 16. Their median duration was 13 days and their median area 3,650 ha; 6 % went past 10,000 ha. In 13 of 16, not even 1 mm fell in the ten days after the end: they went out without rain. In the rest, the first rainy day brought a median of 4.0 mm.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 193 · Emergency number and official warnings
Satellite cross-check
History of this page Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
No changes since 24 October 2026.
RSS Changes to this page With cross-checks and a citable version
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates from the perimeter: the VIIRS detections inside it did not change them. 126 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2020, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.