Hpapun fire, 21 March 2023 Hpapun
The fire started on 21 March 2023 in Hpapun, Myanmar, and satellites saw it burning for 14 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 2,022 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 172th largest in Kayin since 2016 (of 177 with a page). Number 231 in Myanmar in 2023, of 240.
The power measured by the satellite is low (5.7 MW in the strongest hotspot), more typical of grass or stubble burning, or a slow surface fire, than of a large crown fire.
Compare with…
- Burnt area
- 2,022ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 14days
- 21 Mar 2023 – 3 Apr 2023
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- municipalities
- Started on
- 21 Mar
- 2023
- Heat detections
- 1
- in a single hotspot: 6 MW
- Average daily power
- 6MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
22 Mar 2023 · 6 MW · 1
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
This area had burned before
98% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 274 ha in 2016, 685 ha in 2017, 231 ha in 2018, 1,108 ha in 2019, 1,657 ha in 2020, 838 ha in 2021, 172 ha in 2022. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 1,976 ha that had burned before.
- 1,655 ha Hpapun fire, March 2020 3,992 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 671 ha Mae Sariang fire, February 2019 88,742 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 390 ha Mae Sariang fire, March 2017 18,417 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 172 ha Mae Sariang fire, March 2022 3,561 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Hpapun where it started2,024 ha0.3 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2025Inside the perimeter there was no noticeable built-up land and almost nobody lived there (GHSL 2025, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned. The GHSL 2025 epoch is a projection made from 2020 and earlier data.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 1 April 2023 the air beside the fire reached 238 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 86: 5.7 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 1Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 8,467 haMae Sariang แม่สะเรียง20 March 2023 · 18 days · 11 km away
- 8,249 haMae Sariang แม่สะเรียง20 February 2021 · 20 days · 13 km away
- 7,989 haHpapun31 March 2026 · 21 days · 21 km away
- 18,417 haMae Sariang แม่สะเรียง5 March 2017 · 28 days · 22 km away
- 22,264 haMae Sariang แม่สะเรียง19 March 2018 · 30 days · 31 km away
- 56,946 haSop Moei สบเมย21 March 2026 · 35 days · 35 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Hpapun fire last?
- According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 21 March 2023 to 3 April 2023 (14 days). The perimeter dates it from 27 March 2023 to 3 April 2023.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 2,022 hectares (20.2 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Hpapun (2,024 ha, 0.3 %).
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Myanmar (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Satellite cross-check
History of this page Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
No changes since 24 October 2026.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 27 March 2023 to 3 April 2023. One Suomi-NPP VIIRS detection on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2025, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM3 (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.