Harmancık fire, July 2025 Harmancık, Orhaneli, Büyükorhan
The fire started on 27 July 2025 in Harmancık, Türkiye, and satellites saw it burning for 3 days. Copernicus mapped a burnt perimeter of 4,483 hectares from satellite imagery, spread across 3 municipalities.
It is the largest fire in Bursa since 2016 (of 12 with a page). Number 9 in Türkiye in 2025, of 184.
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- Burnt area
- 4,483ha
- Copernicus perimeter
- Duration
- 3days
- 27 Jul 2025 – 29 Jul 2025
- Municipalities hit
- 3
- districts
- Started on
- 27 Jul
- 2025
- Heat detections
- 138
- in a single hotspot: 369 MW
- Danger at start
- 47
- Very high · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 1.6GW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone 56 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started. Rain came after the fire: 6.5 mm on 2 Aug.
This area had burned before
No earlier perimeters overlap this fire since 2016, when the satellite record begins.
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
3,335 ha reached on 27 Jul9.0 %
-
Orhaneli 19,492 inhabitants · 16.9 km from the centre1,077 ha reached on 27 Jul1.2 %
-
Büyükorhan 10,042 inhabitants · 15.4 km from the centre75 ha reached on 27 Jul0.2 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the official perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
What burned
- Coniferous forest67 %
- Scrub and transitional woodland28 %
- Sclerophyllous scrub2.0 %
- Agricultural areas0.9 %
- Artificial surfaces0.6 %
- Other natural land0.6 %
Land cover inside the perimeter according to Corine Land Cover, as reported by Copernicus.
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 27 Jul | 37.5 °C | 12 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 28 Jul | 37.4 °C | 12 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
| 29 Jul | 34.7 °C | 18 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 54 |
| 30 Jul after | 32.3 °C | 33 % | 57 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
| 31 Jul after | 29.4 °C | 44 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 1 Aug after | 29.1 °C | 40 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 30 |
| 2 Aug after | 26.7 °C | 53 % | 38 km/h | 6.5 mm | Very low 5 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 31 July 2025 the air beside the fire reached 44 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 21: 1.4 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 138Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Harmancık fire last?
- Copernicus dates it between 27 July 2025 and 29 July 2025: 3 days between the first and last image with fire.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter Copernicus measured from satellite imagery is 4,483 hectares (44.8 km²). Official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire entered 3 municipalities: Harmancık (3,335 ha, 9.0 %); Orhaneli (1,077 ha, 1.2 %); Büyükorhan (75 ha, 0.2 %).
- Did the fire reach a town?
- The fire started in Harmancık and came within 3.8 km of its centre. That is the distance from the perimeter, or the nearest hotspot, to the point marking the centre; it does not mean it entered the houses.
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 37.5 °C, humidity dropped to 12 % and gusts hit 40 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 54, class Extreme.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the EFFIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Türkiye (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 112 · Emergency number and official warnings ›
Satellite cross-check
History of this page Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
No changes since 24 October 2026.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: EFFIS (Copernicus), mapped on satellite imagery.
- Dates from the perimeter: the VIIRS detections inside it did not change them. 138 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter and land cover come from the Copernicus European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS), measured on MODIS and Sentinel-2 imagery and published under CC BY 4.0. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Open Data Commons Open Database License 1.0). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ slightly from each country’s official figure.