Gaúcha do Norte fire, October 2023 Gaúcha do Norte
The fire started on 16 October 2023 in Gaúcha do Norte, Brazil, and satellites saw it burning for 14 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 3,132 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 1894th largest in Mato Grosso since 2016 (of 1996 with a page). Number 402 in Brazil in 2023, of 431.
Compare with…
- Burnt area
- 3,132ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 14days
- 16 Oct 2023 – 29 Oct 2023
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- municipalities
- Started on
- 16 Oct
- 2023
- Heat detections
- 153
- in a single hotspot: 260 MW
- Danger at start
- 30
- High · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 230MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone 4 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started. Rain came after the fire: 2.3 mm on 3 Nov.
This area had burned before
100% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 336 ha in 2016, 3,014 ha in 2017, 1,848 ha in 2020, 1,256 ha in 2021. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 3,150 ha that had burned before.
- 3,014 ha Gaúcha do Norte fire, September 2017 8,918 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,848 ha Gaúcha do Norte fire, September 2020 17,257 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,256 ha Gaúcha do Norte fire, August 2021 4,491 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
3,148 ha reached on 19 Oct0.2 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2025Inside the perimeter there was no noticeable built-up land and almost nobody lived there (GHSL 2025, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned. The GHSL 2025 epoch is a projection made from 2020 and earlier data.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19 Oct | 39.2 °C | 22 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 30 |
| 20 Oct | 38.8 °C | 26 % | 25 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 31 |
| 21 Oct | 38.2 °C | 32 % | 20 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 29 |
| 22 Oct | 36.6 °C | 37 % | 29 km/h | 2.6 mm | Moderate 15 |
| 23 Oct | 35.3 °C | 43 % | 27 km/h | 1.0 mm | Moderate 15 |
| 24 Oct | 35.1 °C | 41 % | 20 km/h | 0.1 mm | Moderate 18 |
| 25 Oct | 36.1 °C | 42 % | 21 km/h | 0.3 mm | Moderate 19 |
| 26 Oct | 33.0 °C | 51 % | 26 km/h | 3.0 mm | Very low 5 |
| 27 Oct | 31.4 °C | 63 % | 30 km/h | 3.9 mm | Very low 2 |
| 28 Oct | 34.8 °C | 45 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | Low 10 |
| 29 Oct | 35.2 °C | 43 % | 26 km/h | 0.2 mm | Moderate 17 |
| 30 Oct after | 35.0 °C | 47 % | 23 km/h | 0.5 mm | Moderate 17 |
| 31 Oct after | 35.1 °C | 44 % | 21 km/h | 0.3 mm | Moderate 18 |
| 1 Nov after | 36.6 °C | 38 % | 18 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 18 |
| 2 Nov after | 33.9 °C | 48 % | 22 km/h | 0.3 mm | Moderate 19 |
| 3 Nov after | 34.0 °C | 49 % | 24 km/h | 2.3 mm | Low 7 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 21 October 2023 the air beside the fire reached 25 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 22: 1.5 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 153Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 17,257 haGaúcha do Norte1 September 2020 · 20 days · 11 km away
- 22,199 haGaúcha do Norte14 September 2024 · 33 days · 14 km away
- 26,042 haGaúcha do Norte18 July 2016 · 50 days · 33 km away
- 20,324 haGaúcha do Norte28 August 2020 · 24 days · 33 km away
- 14,481 haGaúcha do Norte21 August 2016 · 28 days · 38 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Gaúcha do Norte fire last?
- According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 16 October 2023 to 29 October 2023 (14 days). The perimeter dates it from 19 October 2023 to 23 October 2023.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 3,132 hectares (31.3 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Gaúcha do Norte (3,148 ha, 0.2 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 39.2 °C, humidity dropped to 22 % and gusts hit 30 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 31, class High.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Brazil (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 193 · Emergency number and official warnings ›
Satellite cross-check
History of this page · 2 Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
- Last day with fire: 23 October 2023 → 29 October 2023.
- Start date: 19 October 2023 → 16 October 2023.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 19 October 2023 to 23 October 2023. 153 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2025, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.