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AU · Australia · –

East Arnhem fire, 12 September 2024 East Arnhem

Out · last detection 30 Oct 2024, 03:49 UTC

The fire started on 12 September 2024 in East Arnhem, Australia, and satellites saw it burning for 49 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 16,061 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.

This page is probably a fire complex, not a single fire. GWIS merges into one perimeter the fires that touch over weeks, which in large burning seasons can join dozens of separate fires. The total area is reliable; the origin and dates refer to the whole complex.

This entry is probably a savanna fire in Australia’s tropical north, not a bushfire like those in the south of the country. Millions of hectares of northern savanna and grassland burn every year: much of it in burns lit on purpose early in the dry season (traditional fire management, parks and cattle stations), the rest in grass fires that return to the same ground every few years. This is our assumption, based on the location; it is not confirmed. That is why it is left out of the wildfire rankings.

Burnt area
16,061ha
GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
Duration
49days
12 Sept 2024 – 30 Oct 2024
Municipalities hit
1
local government areas
Started on
12 Sept
2024
Heat detections
1,355
in a single hotspot: 166 MW
Danger at start
54
Extreme · FWI index
Average daily power
174MW
detected power per day, on average

Where it burned

HOTSPOTS BY DAY 12 Sept30 Oct
30 Oct 2024

How it evolved, day by day

12 Sept 2024 · 2 MW · 2 13 Sept 2024 · 144 MW · 27 14 Sept 2024 · 286 MW · 51 15 Sept 2024 · 35 MW · 12 16 Sept 2024 · 251 MW · 29 17 Sept 2024 · 162 MW · 31 19 Sept 2024 · 3 MW · 1 20 Sept 2024 · 43 MW · 7 21 Sept 2024 · 52 MW · 9 22 Sept 2024 · 203 MW · 23 23 Sept 2024 · 44 MW · 13 24 Sept 2024 · 181 MW · 48 26 Sept 2024 · 120 MW · 30 27 Sept 2024 · 370 MW · 41 28 Sept 2024 · 413 MW · 55 29 Sept 2024 · 304 MW · 62 30 Sept 2024 · 450 MW · 69 1 Oct 2024 · 400 MW · 74 2 Oct 2024 · 524 MW · 45 3 Oct 2024 · 151 MW · 35 4 Oct 2024 · 65 MW · 16 5 Oct 2024 · 96 MW · 25 6 Oct 2024 · 140 MW · 23 7 Oct 2024 · 241 MW · 38 8 Oct 2024 · 257 MW · 30 9 Oct 2024 · 38 MW · 6 10 Oct 2024 · 199 MW · 53 11 Oct 2024 · 420 MW · 57 12 Oct 2024 · 978 MW · 102 13 Oct 2024 · 179 MW · 36 14 Oct 2024 · 104 MW · 31 15 Oct 2024 · 95 MW · 33 16 Oct 2024 · 152 MW · 38 17 Oct 2024 · 206 MW · 40 18 Oct 2024 · 114 MW · 16 19 Oct 2024 · 42 MW · 13 20 Oct 2024 · 33 MW · 13 21 Oct 2024 · 126 MW · 16 22 Oct 2024 · 69 MW · 13 23 Oct 2024 · 78 MW · 10 24 Oct 2024 · 57 MW · 11 25 Oct 2024 · 87 MW · 15 26 Oct 2024 · 47 MW · 15 27 Oct 2024 · 135 MW · 26 28 Oct 2024 · 3 MW · 1 29 Oct 2024 · 15 MW · 2 30 Oct 2024 · 79 MW · 12
12 Sept 23 Sept 4 Oct 12 Oct 24 Oct

Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.

The weather it burned in

38°high
55km/h · peak gust
24%lowest humidity

It had gone more than two months without rain (1 mm or more) when it started. Rain came after the fire: 3.1 mm on 31 Oct.

This area had burned before

94% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 1,873 ha in 2016, 2,849 ha in 2017, 8,510 ha in 2018, 7,440 ha in 2019, 6,345 ha in 2020, 8,141 ha in 2021, 422 ha in 2023. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 15,118 ha that had burned before.

How big is it?

10 km
It burned the equivalent of 10% of the area of London (161 km² against 1,583 km²).

London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).

This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.

What happened to each town

  1. East Arnhem where it started
    15,867 ha reached on 12 Sept
    0.5 %

Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.

People and buildings inside the perimeter

GHSL 2025
Built-up area< 0.1 ha
Residents< 20

Inside the perimeter there was no noticeable built-up land and almost nobody lived there (GHSL 2025, satellite-based estimate).

This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned. The GHSL 2025 epoch is a projection made from 2020 and earlier data.

Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu

The weather day by day

ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.

Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)

Started with Extreme FWI: 43 % of the area in Australia Strong wind: 39 % of the area in Australia 60 days without rain: 8.2 % of the area in Australia

Day High Min. humidity Peak gust Rain Danger (FWI)
12 Sept 33.6 °C 30 % 54 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 54
13 Sept 35.1 °C 28 % 43 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 53
14 Sept 34.4 °C 29 % 43 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 56
15 Sept 32.5 °C 48 % 49 km/h 0.3 mm Very high 47
16 Sept 33.7 °C 44 % 45 km/h 0.4 mm Very high 43
17 Sept 32.0 °C 49 % 55 km/h 0.8 mm Very high 44
18 Sept 29.3 °C 57 % 47 km/h 0.6 mm High 30
19 Sept 31.3 °C 52 % 44 km/h 0.4 mm High 34
20 Sept 32.5 °C 53 % 34 km/h 0.7 mm High 30
21 Sept 33.3 °C 46 % 37 km/h 0.0 mm High 35
22 Sept 35.9 °C 26 % 40 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 51
23 Sept 32.3 °C 56 % 41 km/h 0.9 mm High 29
24 Sept 32.8 °C 45 % 38 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 39
25 Sept 32.9 °C 47 % 37 km/h 0.0 mm High 36
26 Sept 33.1 °C 47 % 37 km/h 0.2 mm High 34
27 Sept 34.5 °C 41 % 40 km/h 0.1 mm Very high 44
28 Sept 36.7 °C 31 % 40 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 50
29 Sept 36.2 °C 27 % 38 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 50
30 Sept 35.3 °C 34 % 41 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 56
1 Oct 35.7 °C 35 % 42 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 51
2 Oct 35.2 °C 34 % 49 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 60
3 Oct 33.5 °C 41 % 42 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 51
4 Oct 33.9 °C 40 % 42 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 49
5 Oct 33.4 °C 42 % 40 km/h 0.1 mm Very high 47
6 Oct 34.5 °C 35 % 41 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 48
7 Oct 36.7 °C 24 % 45 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 55
8 Oct 37.1 °C 30 % 48 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 66
9 Oct 35.5 °C 38 % 45 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 55
10 Oct 36.3 °C 34 % 38 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 49
11 Oct 34.6 °C 45 % 40 km/h 0.3 mm Very high 47
12 Oct 35.0 °C 42 % 48 km/h 0.1 mm Extreme 50
13 Oct 33.2 °C 48 % 39 km/h 0.6 mm Very high 44
14 Oct 32.3 °C 47 % 36 km/h 0.1 mm High 32
15 Oct 34.8 °C 37 % 40 km/h 0.5 mm Very high 40
16 Oct 33.8 °C 45 % 36 km/h 0.2 mm Very high 42
17 Oct 32.9 °C 47 % 36 km/h 0.1 mm Very high 40
18 Oct 33.5 °C 45 % 34 km/h 0.2 mm Very high 39
19 Oct 33.9 °C 46 % 32 km/h 0.2 mm Very high 38
20 Oct 34.9 °C 43 % 32 km/h 0.0 mm High 34
21 Oct 35.3 °C 45 % 32 km/h 0.0 mm High 32
22 Oct 34.0 °C 49 % 36 km/h 0.2 mm High 34
23 Oct 34.2 °C 45 % 41 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 45
24 Oct 33.4 °C 49 % 38 km/h 0.1 mm Very high 40
25 Oct 36.2 °C 33 % 34 km/h 0.5 mm High 38
26 Oct 37.5 °C 33 % 40 km/h 1.0 mm Very high 48
27 Oct 34.5 °C 50 % 43 km/h 0.0 mm High 33
28 Oct 34.2 °C 53 % 53 km/h 2.5 mm High 28
29 Oct 33.6 °C 52 % 48 km/h 0.1 mm High 30
30 Oct 34.6 °C 49 % 46 km/h 1.0 mm Very high 38
31 Oct after 32.8 °C 55 % 41 km/h 3.1 mm High 31

Before and after, from space

Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.

Before · 5 Sept 2024
After · 6 Nov 2024

If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.

The smoke

CAMS · Copernicus

On 22 September 2024 the air beside the fire reached 31 µg/m³ of PM2.5, but no daily average passed the WHO guideline (15).

PM2.5 peak31 µg/m³
Days over the guideline0 days
PM1046 µg/m³
Optical depth0.50
10 Sept21 Sept2 Oct13 Oct24 Oct
Good Fair Moderate Poor Very poor Extremely poor

Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.

Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)

Detections table · 1,355Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
⬇ Download CSV Times in UTC. Each detection is a 375 m pixel: a large fire yields hundreds per pass.
Date and timeSatelliteFRP (MW)LatLon

Other fires nearby

All fires in Australia

Frequently asked questions

How long did the East Arnhem fire last?
GWIS (Copernicus) dates it between 12 September 2024 and 30 October 2024: 49 days between the first and last heat detection of the perimeter.
How much area did it burn?
The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 16,061 hectares (160.6 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
Which municipalities burned?
The fire only entered East Arnhem (15,867 ha, 0.5 %).
What was the weather like?
During the fire the temperature reached 37.5 °C, humidity dropped to 24 % and gusts hit 55 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 66, class Extreme.
Where does this data come from?
From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Australia (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.

Where to verify it

A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.

Emergency number: 000 · Emergency number and official warnings

Satellite cross-check

History of this page Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.

Does something look wrong on this page?

This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.

Report an error
What do you think is wrong?

We will only use your email to reply about this report. Privacy. This is not an emergency service: if there is a fire now, call 000.

How we know this
  • Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
  • Dates from the perimeter: the VIIRS detections inside it did not change them. 1,355 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
  • We have not matched this page with any official record.
  • Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
  • Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2025, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
  • Probably a vegetation burn: not counted in the totals.

How we build fire pages: methodology

Where this data comes from

The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.