Dungu fire, 20 December 2021 Dungu
The fire started on 20 December 2021 in Dungu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and satellites saw it burning for 8 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 19,015 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 22th largest in Upper Uele since 2016 (of 101 with a page). Number 3 in Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2021, of 97.
Compare with…
Suggestions: Dungu · 2017Dungu · 2016Dungu · 2017Dungu · 2019
- Burnt area
- 19,015ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 8days
- 20 Dec 2021 – 27 Dec 2021
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- territories
- Started on
- 20 Dec
- 2021
- Heat detections
- 730
- in a single hotspot: 306 MW
- Danger at start
- 17
- Moderate · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 1.2GW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone 17 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
90% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 7,597 ha in 2016, 10,047 ha in 2017, 1,575 ha in 2018, 7,880 ha in 2019, 3,978 ha in 2020. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 17,025 ha that had burned before.
- 5,212 ha Dungu fire, January 2017 58,675 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 4,419 ha Dungu fire, January 2016 6,596 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 3,940 ha Dungu fire, January 2017 30,777 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 2,701 ha Dungu fire, March 2019 7,924 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,572 ha Dungu fire, January 2018 19,183 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 657 ha Dungu fire, January 2016 6,953 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 245 ha Dungu fire, January 2020 8,415 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 134 ha Dungu fire, January 2016 17,742 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Dungu where it started19,138 ha reached on 20 Dec0.6 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2020Inside the perimeter there were about 0.74 hectares of built-up land and about 100 residents (GHSL 2020, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20 Dec | 32.2 °C | 31 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 17 |
| 21 Dec | 30.8 °C | 40 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 18 |
| 22 Dec | 33.2 °C | 30 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 20 |
| 23 Dec | 32.0 °C | 38 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 19 |
| 24 Dec | 32.2 °C | 36 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 17 |
| 25 Dec | 32.2 °C | 37 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 17 |
| 26 Dec | 29.9 °C | 51 % | 45 km/h | 2.5 mm | Low 6 |
| 27 Dec | 31.5 °C | 44 % | 32 km/h | 0.9 mm | Low 9 |
| 28 Dec after | 32.4 °C | 37 % | 31 km/h | 0.1 mm | Moderate 14 |
| 29 Dec after | 31.5 °C | 42 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 15 |
| 30 Dec after | 33.4 °C | 28 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 20 |
| 31 Dec after | 31.2 °C | 42 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 19 |
| 1 Jan after | 32.5 °C | 35 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 18 |
| 2 Jan after | 33.0 °C | 32 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 19 |
| 3 Jan after | 34.0 °C | 19 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 25 |
| 4 Jan after | 31.6 °C | 22 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 25 |
| 5 Jan after | 32.2 °C | 23 % | 22 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 25 |
| 6 Jan after | 34.0 °C | 23 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 28 |
| 7 Jan after | 34.5 °C | 27 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 32 |
| 8 Jan after | 36.2 °C | 20 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 33 |
| 9 Jan after | 35.6 °C | 22 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 29 |
| 10 Jan after | 35.9 °C | 20 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 31 |
| 11 Jan after | 34.3 °C | 26 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 31 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
Detections table · 730Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 64,646 haDungu9 January 2025 · 10 days · 6 km away
- 41,662 haDungu14 January 2026 · 18 days · 11 km away
- 45,193 haDungu9 January 2026 · 18 days · 16 km away
- 58,675 haDungu13 January 2017 · 8 days · 18 km away
- 44,131 haDungu12 February 2019 · 10 days · 31 km away
- 43,572 haDungu22 January 2018 · 12 days · 31 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Dungu fire last?
- GWIS (Copernicus) dates it between 20 December 2021 and 27 December 2021: 8 days between the first and last heat detection of the perimeter.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 19,015 hectares (190.2 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Dungu (19,138 ha, 0.6 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 33.4 °C, humidity dropped to 28 % and gusts hit 45 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 20, class Moderate.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Democratic Republic of the Congo (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Satellite cross-check
History of this page Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
No changes since 24 October 2026.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates from the perimeter: the VIIRS detections inside it did not change them. 730 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2020, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.