Cow Fire, July 2019 Tulare
The fire started on 25 July 2019 in Tulare, United States, and satellites saw it burning for 49 days. United States agencies (MTBS / NIFC) mapped an official burnt perimeter of 807 hectares, spread across a single county.
It is the 321th largest in California since 2016 (of 442 with a page). Number 244 in United States in 2019, of 367.
Compare with…
- Burnt area
- 807ha
- official perimeter (MTBS / NIFC)
- Duration
- ≈ 49days
- 25 Jul 2019 – 11 Sept 2019
- Counties hit
- 1
- counties
- Started on
- 25 Jul
- 2019
- Heat detections
- 243
- in a single hotspot: 101 MW
- Danger at start
- 0
- Very low · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 87MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone 0 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
No earlier perimeters overlap this fire since 2016, when the satellite record begins.
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each county
-
Tulare where it started812 ha reached on 5 Aug0.1 %
Burnt area inside each county, from crossing the official perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2020Inside the perimeter there was no noticeable built-up land and almost nobody lived there (GHSL 2020, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25 Jul | 19.0 °C | 45 % | 28 km/h | 13.0 mm | Very low 0 |
| 26 Jul | 21.8 °C | 35 % | 38 km/h | 1.1 mm | Very low 3 |
| 27 Jul | 23.3 °C | 27 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | Low 9 |
| 28 Jul | 24.5 °C | 17 % | 47 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 22 |
| 29 Jul | 24.4 °C | 12 % | 55 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 29 |
| 30 Jul | 23.3 °C | 16 % | 50 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 28 |
| 31 Jul | 22.5 °C | 15 % | 45 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 29 |
| 1 Aug | 23.0 °C | 13 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 29 |
| 2 Aug | 23.3 °C | 8 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 30 |
| 3 Aug | 24.6 °C | 10 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 32 |
| 4 Aug | 24.7 °C | 11 % | 49 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 5 Aug | 24.4 °C | 12 % | 42 km/h | 0.1 mm | High 36 |
| 6 Aug | 24.0 °C | 13 % | 44 km/h | 1.4 mm | Moderate 21 |
| 7 Aug | 21.0 °C | 24 % | 40 km/h | 1.6 mm | Low 11 |
| 8 Aug | 21.0 °C | 19 % | 52 km/h | 1.7 mm | Moderate 12 |
| 9 Aug | 20.0 °C | 14 % | 55 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 25 |
| 10 Aug | 18.8 °C | 16 % | 51 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 28 |
| 11 Aug | 21.0 °C | 15 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 27 |
| 12 Aug | 22.1 °C | 13 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 30 |
| 13 Aug | 24.0 °C | 11 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 14 Aug | 24.9 °C | 10 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 15 Aug | 25.5 °C | 8 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 36 |
| 16 Aug | 25.5 °C | 13 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 17 Aug | 25.2 °C | 10 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 38 |
| 18 Aug | 22.8 °C | 15 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 37 |
| 19 Aug | 22.8 °C | 15 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 37 |
| 20 Aug | 24.9 °C | 6 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 38 |
| 21 Aug | 25.4 °C | 7 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 22 Aug | 24.4 °C | 15 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 38 |
| 23 Aug | 25.1 °C | 16 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 39 |
| 24 Aug | 24.9 °C | 14 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 25 Aug | 25.4 °C | 20 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 26 Aug | 25.9 °C | 15 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 38 |
| 27 Aug | 25.5 °C | 17 % | 45 km/h | 0.7 mm | High 34 |
| 28 Aug | 24.2 °C | 21 % | 53 km/h | 1.2 mm | High 25 |
| 29 Aug | 24.9 °C | 16 % | 45 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 30 Aug | 25.2 °C | 7 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 39 |
| 31 Aug | 26.0 °C | 7 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 1 Sept | 25.7 °C | 10 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 43 |
| 2 Sept | 24.0 °C | 21 % | 27 km/h | 3.5 mm | Low 7 |
| 3 Sept | 20.8 °C | 34 % | 28 km/h | 7.1 mm | Very low 2 |
| 4 Sept | 22.3 °C | 27 % | 46 km/h | 1.2 mm | Low 8 |
| 5 Sept | 18.4 °C | 41 % | 40 km/h | 6.9 mm | Very low 2 |
| 6 Sept | 20.9 °C | 33 % | 28 km/h | 1.3 mm | Very low 4 |
| 7 Sept | 21.2 °C | 29 % | 44 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 13 |
| 8 Sept | 18.5 °C | 20 % | 44 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 16 |
| 9 Sept | 19.0 °C | 18 % | 49 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 22 |
| 10 Sept | 15.6 °C | 13 % | 50 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 25 |
| 11 Sept | 17.1 °C | 13 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 22 |
| 12 Sept after | 19.6 °C | 13 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 23 |
| 13 Sept after | 22.0 °C | 16 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 24 |
| 14 Sept after | 22.3 °C | 15 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 26 |
| 15 Sept after | 20.0 °C | 14 % | 47 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 30 |
| 16 Sept after | 14.2 °C | 13 % | 84 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 38 |
| 17 Sept after | 16.0 °C | 24 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 24 |
| 18 Sept after | 17.6 °C | 18 % | 53 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 29 |
| 19 Sept after | 11.7 °C | 23 % | 59 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 27 |
| 20 Sept after | 14.5 °C | 19 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 23 |
| 21 Sept after | 16.5 °C | 20 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 24 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
Detections table · 243Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 7,514 haLion TulareSeptember 2017 · 33 days · 24 km away
- 3,678 haRattlesnake TulareAugust 2020 · 84 days · 24 km away
- 6,514 haSchaeffer TulareJune 2017 · 30 days · 25 km away
- 3,647 haWalkers TulareAugust 2021 · 26 days · 30 km away
- 70,556 haCastle TulareAugust 2020 · 80 days · 31 km away
- 2,112 haAlder TulareOctober 2018 · 53 days · 39 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Cow Fire last?
- The official perimeter only gives the start date (25 July 2019). The end comes from the heat detections inside the perimeter: it burned until 11 September 2019 (49 days from 25 July 2019), the last day with detections before more than 10 days in a row without any, so it is approximate.
- How much area did it burn?
- The official perimeter published by United States agencies (MTBS / NIFC) is 807 hectares (8.1 km²). Other tallies, such as daily incident reports, may give slightly different figures.
- Which counties burned?
- The fire only entered Tulare (812 ha, 0.1 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 26.0 °C, humidity dropped to 6 % and gusts hit 55 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 43, class Very high.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the official burnt perimeter of United States agencies (MTBS / NIFC, public domain), NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of United States. It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 911 · Emergency number and official warnings ›
- NIFC · National Interagency Fire Center ↗
- InciWeb · Incident Information System ↗
- MTBS · Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity ↗
Satellite cross-check
History of this page Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
No changes since 24 October 2026.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: MTBS (US Geological Survey and US Forest Service), official.
- The official perimeter has no end date: the end is the last day with VIIRS detections inside the perimeter before a gap of more than 10 days (150 days at most), so it is approximate. 243 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2020, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter is official and in the public domain. For past years it comes from MTBS (Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity), run by the U.S. Geological Survey and the USDA Forest Service, which map it on Landsat and Sentinel-2 imagery. For the current and last year it comes from WFIGS at the National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC): incident perimeters mapped by fire crews, aircraft and imagery. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. County boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Public Domain). The area per county is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ slightly from official figures.