Cavalcante fire, 9 September 2021 Cavalcante
The fire started on 9 September 2021 in Cavalcante, Brazil, and satellites saw it burning for 15 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 15,114 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 46th largest in Goiás since 2016 (of 548 with a page). Number 84 in Brazil in 2021, of 814.
Compare with…
- Burnt area
- 15,114ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 15days
- 9 Sept 2021 – 23 Sept 2021
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- municipalities
- Started on
- 9 Sept
- 2021
- Heat detections
- 511
- in a single hotspot: 55 MW
- Danger at start
- 38
- High · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 223MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone more than two months without rain (1 mm or more) when it started. Rain came after the fire: 2.0 mm on 25 Sept.
This area had burned before
86% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 112 ha in 2016, 6,169 ha in 2017, 11,197 ha in 2019, 617 ha in 2020. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 13,052 ha that had burned before.
- 9,302 ha Cavalcante fire, September 2019 19,550 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 2,677 ha Cavalcante fire, October 2017 3,679 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 2,028 ha Cavalcante fire, September 2017 3,322 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 112 ha Cavalcante fire, September 2016 6,593 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
15,192 ha reached on 9 Sept2.2 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2020Inside the perimeter there were about 0.27 hectares of built-up land and almost nobody lived there (GHSL 2020, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 Sept | 34.5 °C | 19 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 38 |
| 10 Sept | 35.4 °C | 18 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 39 |
| 11 Sept | 36.1 °C | 19 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
| 12 Sept | 34.3 °C | 23 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
| 13 Sept | 33.6 °C | 24 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
| 14 Sept | 33.9 °C | 23 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 43 |
| 15 Sept | 35.0 °C | 20 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
| 16 Sept | 35.5 °C | 16 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 17 Sept | 33.6 °C | 17 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 50 |
| 18 Sept | 33.8 °C | 18 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 19 Sept | 35.4 °C | 14 % | 19 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 41 |
| 20 Sept | 36.4 °C | 15 % | 25 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 45 |
| 21 Sept | 35.6 °C | 19 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 22 Sept | 36.1 °C | 22 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 41 |
| 23 Sept | 33.5 °C | 34 % | 28 km/h | 0.1 mm | High 37 |
| 24 Sept after | 32.6 °C | 37 % | 25 km/h | 0.5 mm | High 31 |
| 25 Sept after | 30.1 °C | 47 % | 20 km/h | 2.0 mm | Low 9 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
Detections table · 511Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 19,550 haCavalcante19 September 2019 · 9 days · 5 km away
- 13,652 haCavalcanteAugust 2022 · 26 days · 16 km away
- 19,198 haMinaçu28 September 2025 · 13 days · 17 km away
- 18,049 haCavalcante16 September 2021 · 8 days · 23 km away
- 49,449 haParanã25 September 2025 · 24 days · 29 km away
- 52,157 haCavalcante4 September 2019 · 18 days · 33 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Cavalcante fire last?
- According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 9 September 2021 to 23 September 2021 (15 days). The perimeter dates it from 15 September 2021 to 23 September 2021.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 15,114 hectares (151.1 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Cavalcante (15,192 ha, 2.2 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 36.4 °C, humidity dropped to 14 % and gusts hit 40 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 50, class Very high.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Brazil (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 193 · Emergency number and official warnings ›
Satellite cross-check
History of this page · 1 Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
- Start date: 15 September 2021 → 9 September 2021.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 15 September 2021 to 23 September 2021. 511 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2020, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.