Burned area
satellite only5,779ha
Perimeter published by GWIS (Copernicus).
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus)
- Date
- 11 Sept 2022 – 16 Sept 2022
+− cross-check
No official record is matched to this page to compare it with.
BR · Brazil · –
Balsas fire, 11 September 2022 Balsas
Out · last detection 16 Sept 2022, 16:13 UTC
The fire started on 11 September 2022 in Balsas, Brazil, and satellites saw it burning for 6 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 5,779 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 152th largest in Maranhão since 2016 (of 531 with a page). Number 242 in Brazil in 2022, of 682.
Use this data
Compare with…
Suggestions: Balsas · 2021Balsas · 2016Balsas · 2019Balsas · 2022
Use this data
Fire page data · version 2026-10-24matches the official recordwith caveatssatellite onlymodel
When copying, the sentence is
Tick the figures you want: they make up the lede and the CSV.
Duration by satellite
satellite only6days
11 Sept 2022 to 16 Sept 2022: first and last day with fire on the page.
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus) · NASA FIRMS · VIIRS
- Date
- last detection: 16 Sept 2022, 16:13 UTC
+− cross-check
Satellites pass a few times a day and cloud or smoke can hide the fire: a lack of detections is not an official extinction. Each country’s emergency service declares a fire contained or out.
Start
satellite only11 Sept 2022
First day with fire seen by the satellites or the perimeter.
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus) · NASA FIRMS · VIIRS
- Date
- 11 Sept 2022
+− cross-check
No official record is matched to this page, so the alert time and the cause are not known here.
Hotspots
satellite only149
VIIRS detections at 375 m. Most intense hotspot: 183 MW.
- Source
- NASA FIRMS · VIIRS (Suomi NPP)
- Date
- 11 Sept 2022 – 16 Sept 2022
+− cross-check
There is no official record to compare with. Each hotspot is a pixel detected in one satellite pass, not a separate fire.
The worst day
satellite only666MW
Total radiative power on 13 September 2022; hotspots that day: 59.
- Source
- NASA FIRMS · VIIRS (FRP)
- Date
- 13 Sept 2022
+− cross-check
Fire radiative power (FRP) measures the energy the fire gives off when the satellite passes. Added up by day, it compares intensity, not area.
Danger at the start
model44.9FWI · very high
Fire Weather Index (Canadian system) computed by WorldFires for the day the fire started. Consecutive days without rain before: 60.
- Source
- WorldFires calculation (Canadian FWI system)
- Date
- 11 Sept 2022, local noon
- Model
- ERA5 0,25° (ECMWF · Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com
+− cross-check
This is an index computed from weather model data, not a measurement of the fire nor an official warning. Danger warnings are issued by each country’s authority. Emergency number and official warnings
Weather during the fire
model37.2°C · 21% RH
High of 37.2 °C and minimum humidity of 21% on 15 September 2022; gusts of 39 km/h on 14 September 2022.
- Source
- weather model at the fire’s grid cell
- Date
- 11 Sept 2022 – 16 Sept 2022
- Model
- ERA5 0,25° (ECMWF · Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com
+− cross-check
These are model values for a cell of about 25 km, not from a weather station: they may differ from what was measured on the ground.
Living inside
model≈ 30people
Estimated residents inside the perimeter and 0.36 ha of built-up area (100 m grid, epoch 2020).
- Source
- GHSL R2023A · JRC
- Date
- calculated on 24 October 2026
+− cross-check
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned.
This page’s change log has been kept since 24 October 2026: every night what it publishes is compared and the difference is logged. Anything earlier is reconstructed from each source’s date and marked as reconstructed.
Show
-
· reconstructed GHSLPopulation and built-up area computed
-
· reconstructed weatherWeather and FWI computed from the ERA5 reanalysis
What was saved on 24 October 2026
Every night a snapshot of what the page shows is saved. If anything changes, it appears in the list as a log entry.
- Area
- 5,779 ha
- Dates
- 11 Sept 2022 – 16 Sept 2022
- Name
- Balsas
- Official record
- —
Versioned permanent link
https://worldfires.org/en/fire/balsas-2022-09-3?v=2026-10-24A version keeps the area, dates, name and official record; the area as it was logged (changes under 2% are not logged). The map, hotspots and weather always show today’s data.
Citation
A lede of about 60 words figures only, no adjectives
CSV for this fire balsas-2022-09-3.csv · daily, no individual hotspots
| fecha | focos_viirs | frp_mw | tmax_c | tmin_c | hr_min_pct | viento_max_kmh | racha_max_kmh | precip_mm | fwi | clase_fwi | dentro_del_incendio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-09-11 | 3 | 13 | 37 | 22.6 | 21 | 13.9 | 33.8 | 0 | 44.9 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2022-09-12 | 29 | 418 | 36.1 | 24.5 | 22 | 16.8 | 38.5 | 0 | 48.2 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2022-09-13 | 59 | 666 | 36.4 | 23.2 | 21 | 12.6 | 31.3 | 0 | 44 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2022-09-14 | 50 | 598 | 37 | 20.8 | 18 | 16.9 | 39.2 | 0 | 49.2 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2022-09-15 | 7 | 18 | 37.2 | 20.5 | 21 | 8.6 | 17.6 | 0 | 40.8 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2022-09-16 | 1 | 35 | 35.5 | 23.2 | 29 | 13.1 | 28.4 | 0 | 42.2 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2022-09-17 | 0 | 0 | 36.3 | 22.9 | 21 | 16.6 | 41.4 | 0 | 46 | muy_alto | 0 |
| 2022-09-18 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 21.6 | 21 | 21.9 | 45.7 | 0 | 52.2 | extremo | 0 |
| 2022-09-19 | 0 | 0 | 35.6 | 20.4 | 24 | 10.1 | 27.4 | 0 | 39.8 | muy_alto | 0 |
| 2022-09-20 | 0 | 0 | 36.4 | 23 | 26 | 17.5 | 38.2 | 0 | 47.6 | muy_alto | 0 |
| 2022-09-21 | 0 | 0 | 35.4 | 24.8 | 27 | 18.2 | 40.7 | 0 | 48.5 | muy_alto | 0 |
| 2022-09-22 | 0 | 0 | 34.4 | 22.2 | 37 | 8.8 | 24.1 | 0.3 | 33.2 | alto | 0 |
| 2022-09-23 | 0 | 0 | 33.8 | 23.5 | 43 | 9.8 | 26.6 | 1.5 | 18.2 | moderado | 0 |
It is generated in your browser from this page’s data: one file per fire, aggregated by day and without individual hotspots.
Live widget for your story
It updates itself while the fire is still active and links to this page. Free, with the attribution shown at the bottom.
Sources for this page: GWIS (Copernicus), NASA FIRMS (VIIRS), ERA5 (ECMWF/Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0), GHSL (JRC). Open-Meteo.com · How we build fire pages: methodology
- Burnt area
- 5,779ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 6days
- 11 Sept 2022 – 16 Sept 2022
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- municipalities
- Started on
- 11 Sept
- 2022
- Heat detections
- 149
- in a single hotspot: 183 MW
- Danger at start
- 45
- Very high · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 291MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
HOTSPOTS BY DAY
11 Sept16 Sept
16 Sept 2022
How it evolved, day by day
11 Sept
13 Sept
15 Sept
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
37°high
39km/h · peak gust
18%lowest humidity
It had gone more than two months without rain (1 mm or more) when it started. Rain came after the fire: 1.5 mm on 23 Sept.
This area had burned before
13% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 669 ha in 2016, 422 ha in 2019. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 768 ha that had burned before.
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
5,822 ha reached on 11 Sept0.4 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2020Built-up area0.36 ha
Residents≈ 30
Inside the perimeter there were about 0.36 hectares of built-up land and about 30 residents (GHSL 2020, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
Started with 60 days without rain: 55 % of the area in Brazil
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 Sept | 37.0 °C | 21 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 45 |
| 12 Sept | 36.1 °C | 22 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 13 Sept | 36.4 °C | 21 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
| 14 Sept | 37.0 °C | 18 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 15 Sept | 37.2 °C | 21 % | 18 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 41 |
| 16 Sept | 35.5 °C | 29 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
| 17 Sept after | 36.3 °C | 21 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 18 Sept after | 36.0 °C | 21 % | 46 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 19 Sept after | 35.6 °C | 24 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 20 Sept after | 36.4 °C | 26 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 21 Sept after | 35.4 °C | 27 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 22 Sept after | 34.4 °C | 37 % | 24 km/h | 0.3 mm | High 33 |
| 23 Sept after | 33.8 °C | 43 % | 27 km/h | 1.5 mm | Moderate 18 |
Its twins: fires that started in the same weather
It started with an FWI of 44.9, a minimum humidity of 21% and more than two months without rain. Fires in the area that started in weather like this since 2016: 43.
FWI at the start
44.9
Minimum humidity
21 %
Days without rain
60+
this fire
chosen twins
rest of the area
Almost identicalSimilar
Outlines of the closest twins
This fire · Balsas fire, 11 September 2022
5,779 ha
6 days
FWI 44.9
Min. humidity 21 %
Balsas fire, September 2021
12,154 ha
11 days
FWI 44.2
Min. humidity 21 %
35 km away, in 2021
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
Balsas fire, September 2016
3,081 ha
6 days
FWI 46.5
Min. humidity 21 %
38 km away, in 2016
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: 1.7 mm on 22 Sept.
Alto Parnaíba fire, September 2019
3,254 ha
7 days
FWI 44.9
Min. humidity 20 %
59 km away, in 2019
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: 12.8 mm on 29 Sept.
Balsas fire, August 2017
5,674 ha
9 days
FWI 45.0
Min. humidity 21 %
120 km away, in 2017
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
Centenário fire, August 2020
6,382 ha
10 days
FWI 44.2
Min. humidity 21 %
102 km away, in 2020
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
What happened to them
- 9 days
- median duration
- 3,915 ha
- median area
- 14 %
- went past 10,000 ha
- 3.0 mm
- rain at the end (median; 22 of 43 had it)
It burned an area similar to its twins (5,779 ha against a median of 3,915 ha) and lasted 6 days, against 9 days.
In 21 of 43, not even 1 mm fell in the ten days after the end: they went out without rain. In the rest, the first rainy day brought a median of 3.0 mm.
This is a bank of analogues: it shows what usually happens, not what will happen. With fewer than 15 twins we give no figures. How we calculate it
How it ended
1.5 mmfirst rain
23 Sept7 days after it ended
39km/h · max. gust
It was considered over on 16 Sept, and on 23 Sept 1.5 mm fell. We do not know whether the rain or the firefighters put it out. Twins with rain when they ended: 22 of 43, with a median of 3.0 mm.
Weather on this page: Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
How a twin is chosen
- Same area: fires that have already ended, less than 250 km from this one, since 2016.
- Same start: we compare the FWI on the first day, the minimum humidity that day and the run of days without rain before it. The slider sets how much they may differ.
- Only pages with final weather data (ERA5 reanalysis) calculated in the same way as this fire’s; agricultural and grass burns and pages with data under review are left out.
- Fires burning at the same time as this one (a week before or after) are left out: they share the same spell of weather and do not count as a precedent.
- They are sorted by similarity, and the outlines of the first five are drawn.
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
↔
Before · 4 Sept 2022
After · 23 Sept 2022
Sentinel-2 did not pass over on that day. Try another date, or use false colour, which is daily.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 15 September 2022 the air beside the fire reached 139 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 65: 4.3 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
PM2.5 peak139 µg/m³
Days over the guideline4 days
PM10198 µg/m³
Optical depth0.52
WHO 15
9 Sept12 Sept15 Sept18 Sept
Good
Fair
Moderate
Poor
Very poor
Extremely poor
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 149Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
⬇ Download CSV
Times in UTC. Each detection is a 375 m pixel: a large fire yields hundreds per pass.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 17,378 haBalsas27 September 2022 · 15 days · 11 km away
- 14,958 haBalsas14 September 2025 · 6 days · 14 km away
- 19,217 haBalsas4 October 2025 · 9 days · 25 km away
- 17,385 haBalsas31 July 2022 · 34 days · 30 km away
- 12,923 haBalsas26 September 2025 · 13 days · 32 km away
- 12,154 haBalsasSeptember 2021 · 11 days · 35 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Balsas fire last?
- GWIS (Copernicus) dates it between 11 September 2022 and 16 September 2022: 6 days between the first and last heat detection of the perimeter.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 5,779 hectares (57.8 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Balsas (5,822 ha, 0.4 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 37.2 °C, humidity dropped to 18 % and gusts hit 39 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 49, class Very high.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Brazil (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
- How did the fires that started in similar weather in this area end?
- Fires less than 250 km away that started since 2016 with a similar FWI, humidity and dry spell: 43. Their median duration was 9 days and their median area 3,915 ha; 14 % went past 10,000 ha. In 21 of 43, not even 1 mm fell in the ten days after the end: they went out without rain. In the rest, the first rainy day brought a median of 3.0 mm.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 193 · Emergency number and official warnings
Satellite cross-check
History of this page Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
No changes since 24 October 2026.
RSS Changes to this page With cross-checks and a citable version
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates from the perimeter: the VIIRS detections inside it did not change them. 149 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2020, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.