Arraias fire, September 2024 Arraias
The fire started on 9 September 2024 in Arraias, Brazil, and satellites saw it burning for 15 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 6,515 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 400th largest in Tocantins since 2016 (of 1243 with a page). Number 498 in Brazil in 2024, of 1301.
The power measured by the satellite is low (20.6 MW in the strongest hotspot), more typical of grass or stubble burning, or a slow surface fire, than of a large crown fire.
Compare with…
- Burnt area
- 6,515ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 15days
- 9 Sept 2024 – 23 Sept 2024
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- municipalities
- Started on
- 9 Sept
- 2024
- Heat detections
- 255
- in a single hotspot: 21 MW
- Danger at start
- 56
- Extreme · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 104MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone more than two months without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
93% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 518 ha in 2016, 2,055 ha in 2017, 6,271 ha in 2019, 3,481 ha in 2021. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 6,052 ha that had burned before.
- 4,984 ha Arraias fire, August 2019 13,788 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 3,461 ha Arraias fire, July 2021 22,189 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,287 ha Arraias fire, September 2019 18,716 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 860 ha Arraias fire, October 2017 8,652 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 518 ha Arraias fire, July 2016 3,785 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
6,556 ha reached on 9 Sept1.1 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2025Inside the perimeter there was no noticeable built-up land and almost nobody lived there (GHSL 2025, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned. The GHSL 2025 epoch is a projection made from 2020 and earlier data.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 Sept | 32.2 °C | 17 % | 46 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 56 |
| 10 Sept | 32.1 °C | 20 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 11 Sept | 32.7 °C | 20 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 12 Sept | 33.2 °C | 21 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 50 |
| 13 Sept | 32.8 °C | 23 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 50 |
| 14 Sept | 32.7 °C | 20 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 50 |
| 15 Sept | 33.7 °C | 15 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 16 Sept | 34.7 °C | 17 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 17 Sept | 36.0 °C | 15 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 18 Sept | 34.2 °C | 21 % | 49 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 55 |
| 19 Sept | 33.6 °C | 18 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 20 Sept | 34.2 °C | 14 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 54 |
| 21 Sept | 35.2 °C | 11 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 22 Sept | 35.4 °C | 14 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 54 |
| 23 Sept | 36.0 °C | 13 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 24 Sept after | 36.2 °C | 11 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 25 Sept after | 35.0 °C | 16 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 55 |
| 26 Sept after | 34.6 °C | 17 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 54 |
| 27 Sept after | 35.5 °C | 16 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 50 |
| 28 Sept after | 36.3 °C | 16 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 29 Sept after | 35.1 °C | 19 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 55 |
| 30 Sept after | 34.2 °C | 16 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 56 |
| 1 Oct after | 33.8 °C | 20 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 2 Oct after | 35.0 °C | 16 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 3 Oct after | 36.8 °C | 13 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 50 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 13 September 2024 the air beside the fire reached 13 µg/m³ of PM2.5, but no daily average passed the WHO guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 255Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 18,716 haArraias11 September 2019 · 17 days · 7 km away
- 13,788 haArraias26 August 2019 · 20 days · 7 km away
- 22,189 haArraiasJuly 2021 · 44 days · 11 km away
- 15,809 haArraias11 August 2019 · 25 days · 26 km away
- 12,392 haArraias10 October 2019 · 12 days · 27 km away
- 20,799 haArraias25 September 2026 · 17 days · 29 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Arraias fire last?
- According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 9 September 2024 to 23 September 2024 (15 days). The perimeter dates it from 9 September 2024 to 16 September 2024.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 6,515 hectares (65.2 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Arraias (6,556 ha, 1.1 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 36.0 °C, humidity dropped to 11 % and gusts hit 49 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 56, class Extreme.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Brazil (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 193 · Emergency number and official warnings ›
Satellite cross-check
History of this page · 1 Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
- Last day with fire: 16 September 2024 → 23 September 2024.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 9 September 2024 to 16 September 2024. 255 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2025, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.