West Arnhem fire, 17 July 2019 West Arnhem
The fire started on 17 July 2019 in West Arnhem, Australia, and satellites saw it burning for 18 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 20,708 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 585th largest in Northern Territory since 2016 (of 3521 with a page). Number 158 in Australia in 2019, of 802.
Compare with…
- Burnt area
- 20,708ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 18days
- 17 Jul 2019 – 3 Aug 2019
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- local government areas
- Started on
- 17 Jul
- 2019
- Heat detections
- 749
- in a single hotspot: 124 MW
- Danger at start
- 33
- High · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 664MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone 59 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
66% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 11,110 ha in 2016, 1,702 ha in 2017, 3,121 ha in 2018. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 13,663 ha that had burned before.
- 6,007 ha West Arnhem fire, July 2016 13,310 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 274 ha West Arnhem fire, July 2018 5,259 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 245 ha West Arnhem fire, August 2017 11,111 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
West Arnhem where it started20,783 ha reached on 18 Jul0.4 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2020Inside the perimeter there was no noticeable built-up land and almost nobody lived there (GHSL 2020, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 17 Jul | 28.4 °C | 27 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 33 |
| 18 Jul | 27.1 °C | 38 % | 45 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 19 Jul | 28.8 °C | 42 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 32 |
| 20 Jul | 29.6 °C | 29 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 32 |
| 21 Jul | 28.7 °C | 30 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 32 |
| 22 Jul | 28.8 °C | 28 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 23 Jul | 29.3 °C | 27 % | 46 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 37 |
| 24 Jul | 30.3 °C | 27 % | 49 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 25 Jul | 30.7 °C | 41 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 31 |
| 26 Jul | 28.4 °C | 44 % | 45 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 30 |
| 27 Jul | 29.3 °C | 40 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 29 |
| 28 Jul | 28.9 °C | 42 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 31 |
| 29 Jul | 28.7 °C | 38 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 30 |
| 30 Jul | 29.5 °C | 36 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 32 |
| 31 Jul | 30.0 °C | 32 % | 46 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 1 Aug | 30.2 °C | 31 % | 56 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 2 Aug | 29.5 °C | 28 % | 46 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 37 |
| 3 Aug | 29.4 °C | 34 % | 44 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 4 Aug after | 29.3 °C | 41 % | 54 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 38 |
| 5 Aug after | 30.0 °C | 43 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 32 |
| 6 Aug after | 30.1 °C | 41 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 33 |
| 7 Aug after | 30.2 °C | 37 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 31 |
| 8 Aug after | 31.2 °C | 37 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 28 |
| 9 Aug after | 31.8 °C | 39 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 31 |
| 10 Aug after | 32.9 °C | 24 % | 44 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 41 |
| 11 Aug after | 31.5 °C | 23 % | 47 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
| 12 Aug after | 29.9 °C | 25 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 13 Aug after | 29.1 °C | 21 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
Detections table · 749Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 19,056 haWest Arnhem11 October 2023 · 27 days · 5 km away
- 48,961 haWest Arnhem2 August 2021 · 58 days · 18 km away
- 19,254 haWest Arnhem2 September 2018 · 42 days · 23 km away
- 35,345 haWest Arnhem30 June 2016 · 25 days · 24 km away
- 28,013 haWest Arnhem20 June 2019 · 14 days · 24 km away
- 24,808 haWest Arnhem5 July 2022 · 20 days · 24 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the West Arnhem fire last?
- According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 17 July 2019 to 3 August 2019 (18 days). The perimeter dates it from 17 July 2019 to 29 July 2019.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 20,708 hectares (207.1 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered West Arnhem (20,783 ha, 0.4 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 30.7 °C, humidity dropped to 27 % and gusts hit 56 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 40, class Very high.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Australia (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 000 · Emergency number and official warnings ›
Satellite cross-check
History of this page · 1 Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
- Last day with fire: 29 July 2019 → 3 August 2019.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 17 July 2019 to 29 July 2019. 749 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2020, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.