Burned area
satellite only3,681ha
Union of 2 GWIS (Copernicus) perimeters: overlapping areas count once.
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus)
- Date
- 23 Dec 2022 – 13 Jan 2023
+− cross-check
No official record is matched to this page to compare it with.
PY · Paraguay · –
Villa Oliva fire, December 2022 Villa Oliva, Villa Franca, Caapucu
Out · last detection 13 Jan 2023, 04:52 UTC
The fire started on 23 December 2022 in Villa Oliva, Paraguay, and satellites saw it burning for 22 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 3,681 hectares from heat detections, spread across 3 municipalities.
It is the 18th largest in Ñeembucú since 2016 (of 60 with a page). Number 39 in Paraguay in 2022, of 184.
Use this data
Compare with…
Use this data
Fire page data · version 2026-10-25matches the official recordwith caveatssatellite onlymodel
When copying, the sentence is
Tick the figures you want: they make up the lede and the CSV.
Duration by satellite
satellite only22days
23 Dec 2022 to 13 Jan 2023: first and last day with fire on the page.
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus) · NASA FIRMS · VIIRS
- Date
- last detection: 13 Jan 2023, 04:52 UTC
+− cross-check
Satellites pass a few times a day and cloud or smoke can hide the fire: a lack of detections is not an official extinction. Each country’s emergency service declares a fire contained or out.
Start
satellite only23 Dec 2022
First day with fire seen by the satellites or the perimeter.
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus) · NASA FIRMS · VIIRS
- Date
- 23 Dec 2022
+− cross-check
No official record is matched to this page, so the alert time and the cause are not known here.
Hotspots
satellite only214
VIIRS detections at 375 m. Most intense hotspot: 61 MW.
- Source
- NASA FIRMS · VIIRS (Suomi NPP)
- Date
- 23 Dec 2022 – 13 Jan 2023
+− cross-check
There is no official record to compare with. Each hotspot is a pixel detected in one satellite pass, not a separate fire.
The worst day
satellite only363MW
Total radiative power on 12 January 2023; hotspots that day: 31.
- Source
- NASA FIRMS · VIIRS (FRP)
- Date
- 12 Jan 2023
+− cross-check
Fire radiative power (FRP) measures the energy the fire gives off when the satellite passes. Added up by day, it compares intensity, not area.
Danger at the start
model41.5FWI · very high
Fire Weather Index (Canadian system) computed by WorldFires for the day the fire started. Consecutive days without rain before: 9.
- Source
- WorldFires calculation (Canadian FWI system)
- Date
- 23 Dec 2022, local noon
- Model
- ERA5 0,25° (ECMWF · Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com
+− cross-check
This is an index computed from weather model data, not a measurement of the fire nor an official warning. Danger warnings are issued by each country’s authority. Emergency number and official warnings
Weather during the fire
model39.3°C · 33% RH
High of 39.3 °C and minimum humidity of 33% on 1 January 2023; gusts of 51 km/h on 27 December 2022.
- Source
- weather model at the fire’s grid cell
- Date
- 23 Dec 2022 – 13 Jan 2023
- Model
- ERA5 0,25° (ECMWF · Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com
+− cross-check
These are model values for a cell of about 25 km, not from a weather station: they may differ from what was measured on the ground.
This page’s change log has been kept since 24 October 2026: every night what it publishes is compared and the difference is logged. Anything earlier is reconstructed from each source’s date and marked as reconstructed.
Show
-
· reconstructed weatherWeather and FWI computed from the ERA5 reanalysis
-
logLast day with fire: 12 January 2023 → 13 January 2023.
-
logStart date: 30 December 2022 → 23 December 2022.
-
· reconstructed GHSLPopulation and built-up area computed
What was saved on 25 October 2026
Every night a snapshot of what the page shows is saved. If anything changes, it appears in the list as a log entry.
- Area
- 3,697 ha
- Dates
- 23 Dec 2022 – 13 Jan 2023
- Name
- Villa Oliva
- Official record
- —
Versioned permanent link
https://worldfires.org/en/fire/villa-oliva-2022-12?v=2026-10-25A version keeps the area, dates, name and official record; the area as it was logged (changes under 2% are not logged). The map, hotspots and weather always show today’s data.
Citation
A lede of about 60 words figures only, no adjectives
CSV for this fire villa-oliva-2022-12.csv · daily, no individual hotspots
| fecha | focos_viirs | frp_mw | tmax_c | tmin_c | hr_min_pct | viento_max_kmh | racha_max_kmh | precip_mm | fwi | clase_fwi | dentro_del_incendio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-12-23 | 9 | 70 | 36 | 24.2 | 31 | 26.3 | 44.6 | 0.2 | 41.5 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2022-12-24 | 0 | 0 | 33.6 | 22.7 | 43 | 16.5 | 28.4 | 0.6 | 22.5 | alto | 1 |
| 2022-12-25 | 2 | 21 | 33.5 | 22.2 | 44 | 14.5 | 34.2 | 5.1 | 22.1 | alto | 1 |
| 2022-12-26 | 0 | 0 | 33.6 | 21.7 | 44 | 15.8 | 30.2 | 0.3 | 7 | bajo | 1 |
| 2022-12-27 | 0 | 0 | 28.4 | 19.6 | 61 | 29.8 | 51.1 | 2.7 | 6.5 | bajo | 1 |
| 2022-12-28 | 1 | 14 | 30.4 | 17.2 | 44 | 15.7 | 30.6 | 0 | 14.8 | moderado | 1 |
| 2022-12-29 | 0 | 0 | 33.3 | 16.7 | 36 | 14.5 | 26.3 | 0 | 29 | alto | 1 |
| 2022-12-30 | 18 | 197 | 36 | 19.3 | 28 | 14.2 | 29.5 | 0 | 31.6 | alto | 1 |
| 2022-12-31 | 6 | 71 | 38.4 | 22.1 | 27 | 15.4 | 31.7 | 0 | 36.1 | alto | 1 |
| 2023-01-01 | 42 | 341 | 39.3 | 26.3 | 33 | 23.8 | 46.8 | 0.1 | 55 | extremo | 1 |
| 2023-01-02 | 0 | 0 | 29.7 | 22.7 | 70 | 14.8 | 36.7 | 22.5 | 0.7 | muy_bajo | 1 |
| 2023-01-03 | 0 | 0 | 24.4 | 20.3 | 62 | 18.6 | 36 | 2.1 | 2.6 | muy_bajo | 1 |
| 2023-01-04 | 6 | 49 | 33.4 | 15.8 | 33 | 16.6 | 32 | 0 | 12 | moderado | 1 |
| 2023-01-05 | 6 | 38 | 35.3 | 17.3 | 26 | 12.4 | 19.8 | 0 | 17.8 | moderado | 1 |
| 2023-01-06 | 4 | 6 | 34.4 | 19.5 | 32 | 15.6 | 31.7 | 0 | 22.2 | alto | 1 |
| 2023-01-07 | 5 | 103 | 33.4 | 19.1 | 34 | 15.6 | 32 | 0 | 24.3 | alto | 1 |
| 2023-01-08 | 31 | 307 | 34.7 | 18.6 | 31 | 13.3 | 23 | 0 | 21.2 | moderado | 1 |
| 2023-01-09 | 16 | 36 | 34.5 | 21.3 | 31 | 11 | 20.5 | 0 | 21.4 | alto | 1 |
| 2023-01-10 | 16 | 153 | 36.1 | 22.2 | 32 | 13.9 | 24.1 | 0 | 23.6 | alto | 1 |
| 2023-01-11 | 13 | 150 | 37.2 | 22.4 | 26 | 13.8 | 27.7 | 0 | 25.2 | alto | 1 |
| 2023-01-12 | 31 | 363 | 36.9 | 25.3 | 38 | 17.2 | 31 | 1.2 | 34.1 | alto | 1 |
| 2023-01-13 | 8 | 39 | 25.1 | 20.3 | 66 | 14.7 | 37.1 | 14.2 | 0 | muy_bajo | 1 |
| 2023-01-14 | 0 | 0 | 30.3 | 17.9 | 40 | 15 | 31 | 0.1 | 2.7 | muy_bajo | 0 |
| 2023-01-15 | 0 | 0 | 33.6 | 17.2 | 29 | 8.6 | 21.2 | 0 | 12.6 | moderado | 0 |
| 2023-01-16 | 0 | 0 | 36.7 | 20.7 | 25 | 10.2 | 21.6 | 0 | 20.2 | moderado | 0 |
| 2023-01-17 | 0 | 0 | 39.2 | 23.2 | 24 | 13.4 | 26.6 | 0 | 28.1 | alto | 0 |
| 2023-01-18 | 0 | 0 | 37.3 | 24.8 | 39 | 14.2 | 25.2 | 1.5 | 22.7 | alto | 0 |
It is generated in your browser from this page’s data: one file per fire, aggregated by day and without individual hotspots.
Live widget for your story
It updates itself while the fire is still active and links to this page. Free, with the attribution shown at the bottom.
Sources for this page: GWIS (Copernicus), NASA FIRMS (VIIRS), ERA5 (ECMWF/Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0), GHSL (JRC). Open-Meteo.com · How we build fire pages: methodology
- Burnt area
- 3,681ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 22days
- 23 Dec 2022 – 13 Jan 2023
- Municipalities hit
- 3
- districts
- Started on
- 23 Dec
- 2022
- Heat detections
- 214
- in a single hotspot: 61 MW
- Danger at start
- 42
- Very high · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 122MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
HOTSPOTS BY DAY
23 Dec13 Jan
13 Jan 2023
How it evolved, day by day
23 Dec
31 Dec
6 Jan
12 Jan
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
39°high
51km/h · peak gust
26%lowest humidity
It had gone 9 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started. Rain came after the fire: 1.5 mm on 18 Jan.
This area had burned before
100% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 1,747 ha in 2018, 577 ha in 2019, 5,068 ha in 2020, 1,059 ha in 2021, 603 ha in 2022. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 3,703 ha that had burned before.
- 1,747 ha Villa Oliva fire, August 2018 7,903 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,215 ha Villa Oliva fire, August 2020 12,456 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,059 ha Villa Oliva fire, December 2021 58,480 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 571 ha Villa Oliva fire, June 2020 3,062 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 236 ha Caapucu fire, December 2022 1,651 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 61 ha Caapucu fire, September 2020 2,532 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 17 ha Villa Oliva fire, June 2020 1,590 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Villa Oliva where it started2,481 ha reached on 23 Dec1.6 %
-
1,178 ha reached on 23 Dec0.8 %
-
55 ha reached on 23 Dec0.0 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2020Built-up area< 0.1 ha
Residents< 20
Inside the perimeter there was no noticeable built-up land and almost nobody lived there (GHSL 2020, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23 Dec | 36.0 °C | 31 % | 45 km/h | 0.2 mm | Very high 42 |
| 24 Dec | 33.6 °C | 43 % | 28 km/h | 0.6 mm | High 22 |
| 25 Dec | 33.5 °C | 44 % | 34 km/h | 5.1 mm | High 22 |
| 26 Dec | 33.6 °C | 44 % | 30 km/h | 0.3 mm | Low 7 |
| 27 Dec | 28.4 °C | 61 % | 51 km/h | 2.7 mm | Low 6 |
| 28 Dec | 30.4 °C | 44 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 15 |
| 29 Dec | 33.3 °C | 36 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 29 |
| 30 Dec | 36.0 °C | 28 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 32 |
| 31 Dec | 38.4 °C | 27 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 36 |
| 1 Jan | 39.3 °C | 33 % | 47 km/h | 0.1 mm | Extreme 55 |
| 2 Jan | 29.7 °C | 70 % | 37 km/h | 22.5 mm | Very low 1 |
| 3 Jan | 24.4 °C | 62 % | 36 km/h | 2.1 mm | Very low 3 |
| 4 Jan | 33.4 °C | 33 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 12 |
| 5 Jan | 35.3 °C | 26 % | 20 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 18 |
| 6 Jan | 34.4 °C | 32 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 22 |
| 7 Jan | 33.4 °C | 34 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 24 |
| 8 Jan | 34.7 °C | 31 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 21 |
| 9 Jan | 34.5 °C | 31 % | 20 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 21 |
| 10 Jan | 36.1 °C | 32 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 24 |
| 11 Jan | 37.2 °C | 26 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 25 |
| 12 Jan | 36.9 °C | 38 % | 31 km/h | 1.2 mm | High 34 |
| 13 Jan | 25.1 °C | 66 % | 37 km/h | 14.2 mm | Very low 0 |
| 14 Jan after | 30.3 °C | 40 % | 31 km/h | 0.1 mm | Very low 3 |
| 15 Jan after | 33.6 °C | 29 % | 21 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 13 |
| 16 Jan after | 36.7 °C | 25 % | 22 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 20 |
| 17 Jan after | 39.2 °C | 24 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 28 |
| 18 Jan after | 37.3 °C | 39 % | 25 km/h | 1.5 mm | High 23 |
Its twins: fires that started in the same weather
It started with an FWI of 41.5, a minimum humidity of 31% and 9 days without rain. Fires in the area that started in weather like this since 2016: 21.
FWI at the start
41.5
Minimum humidity
31 %
Days without rain
9
this fire
chosen twins
rest of the area
Almost identicalSimilar
Outlines of the closest twins
This fire · Villa Oliva fire, December 2022
3,681 ha
22 days
FWI 41.5
Min. humidity 31 %
José Falcón fire, August 2020
8,730 ha
8 days
FWI 41.6
Min. humidity 31 %
179 km away, in 2020
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: 2.1 mm on 7 Sept.
San Roque Gonzalez fire, April 2020
2,400 ha
4 days
FWI 42.8
Min. humidity 30 %
44 km away, in 2020
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: 3.9 mm on 1 May.
Pilagás fire, August 2020
1,649 ha
6 days
FWI 42.6
Min. humidity 31 %
145 km away, in 2020
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
Pilcomayo fire, August 2020
1,583 ha
4 days
FWI 40.8
Min. humidity 29 %
57 km away, in 2020
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: 3.1 mm on 7 Sept.
Formosa fire, February 2025
1,609 ha
5 days
FWI 43.4
Min. humidity 31 %
91 km away, in 2025
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: 9.0 mm on 17 Feb.
What happened to them
- 4 days
- median duration
- 2,113 ha
- median area
- 100 %
- went past 1,000 ha
- 6.9 mm
- rain at the end (median; 19 of 21 had it)
It was 1.7 times larger than the median of its twins and lasted 22 days, against 4 days.
Only 3 of its 21 twins burned more. The weather on the first day does not explain everything: the wind in the following days, the fuel and the firefighting also count. In 2 of 21, not even 1 mm fell in the ten days after the end: they went out without rain. In the rest, the first rainy day brought a median of 6.9 mm.
This is a bank of analogues: it shows what usually happens, not what will happen. With fewer than 15 twins we give no figures. How we calculate it
How it ended
1.5 mmfirst rain
18 Jan5 days after it ended
51km/h · max. gust
It was considered over on 13 Jan, and on 18 Jan 1.5 mm fell. We do not know whether the rain or the firefighters put it out. Twins with rain when they ended: 19 of 21, with a median of 6.9 mm.
Weather on this page: Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
How a twin is chosen
- Same area: fires that have already ended, less than 250 km from this one, since 2016.
- Same start: we compare the FWI on the first day, the minimum humidity that day and the run of days without rain before it. The slider sets how much they may differ.
- Only pages with final weather data (ERA5 reanalysis) calculated in the same way as this fire’s; agricultural and grass burns and pages with data under review are left out.
- Fires burning at the same time as this one (a week before or after) are left out: they share the same spell of weather and do not count as a precedent.
- They are sorted by similarity, and the outlines of the first five are drawn.
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
↔
Before · 16 Dec 2022
After · 20 Jan 2023
Sentinel-2 did not pass over on that day. Try another date, or use false colour, which is daily.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 15 January 2023 the air beside the fire reached 48 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 23: 1.6 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
PM2.5 peak48 µg/m³
Days over the guideline3 days
PM1069 µg/m³
Optical depth0.74
WHO 15
28 Dec1 Jan5 Jan9 Jan13 Jan
Good
Fair
Moderate
Poor
Very poor
Extremely poor
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 214Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
⬇ Download CSV
Times in UTC. Each detection is a 375 m pixel: a large fire yields hundreds per pass.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 7,903 haVilla Oliva28 August 2018 · 3 days · 7 km away
- 12,456 haVilla OlivaAugust 2020 · 18 days · 11 km away
- 12,834 haVilla OlivaFebruary 2020 · 21 days · 19 km away
- 14,872 haVilla OlivaFebruary 2022 · 31 days · 23 km away
- 20,867 haVilla OlivaJuly 2020 · 14 days · 24 km away
- 6,689 haCaapucu7 February 2022 · 13 days · 25 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Villa Oliva fire last?
- According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 23 December 2022 to 13 January 2023 (22 days). The perimeter dates it from 30 December 2022 to 12 January 2023.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 3,681 hectares (36.8 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire entered 3 municipalities: Villa Oliva (2,481 ha, 1.6 %); Villa Franca (1,178 ha, 0.8 %); Caapucu (55 ha, 0.0 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 39.3 °C, humidity dropped to 26 % and gusts hit 51 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 55, class Extreme.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Paraguay (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
- How did the fires that started in similar weather in this area end?
- Fires less than 250 km away that started since 2016 with a similar FWI, humidity and dry spell: 21. Their median duration was 4 days and their median area 2,113 ha; 100 % went past 1,000 ha. Only 3 of its 21 twins burned more. The weather on the first day does not explain everything: the wind in the following days, the fuel and the firefighting also count. In 2 of 21, not even 1 mm fell in the ten days after the end: they went out without rain. In the rest, the first rainy day brought a median of 6.9 mm.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 132 · 911 · Emergency number and official warnings
Satellite cross-check
History of this page · 2 Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
- Last day with fire: 12 January 2023 → 13 January 2023.
- Start date: 30 December 2022 → 23 December 2022.
RSS Changes to this page With cross-checks and a citable version
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery; 2 polygons grouped in this page.
- Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 30 December 2022 to 12 January 2023. 214 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2020, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.