Um Dafoug fire, 31 January 2023 Um Dafoug
The fire started on 31 January 2023 in Um Dafoug, Sudan, and satellites saw it burning for 6 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 4,647 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 61th largest in South Darfur since 2016 (of 343 with a page). Number 11 in Sudan in 2023, of 95.
Compare with…
- Burnt area
- 4,647ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 6days
- 31 Jan 2023 – 5 Feb 2023
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- localities
- Started on
- 31 Jan
- 2023
- Heat detections
- 157
- in a single hotspot: 59 MW
- Danger at start
- 64
- Extreme · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 176MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone more than two months without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
61% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 1,381 ha in 2019, 275 ha in 2020, 721 ha in 2021, 1,073 ha in 2022. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 2,829 ha that had burned before.
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Um Dafoug where it started4,673 ha reached on 31 Jan0.9 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2025Inside the perimeter there was no noticeable built-up land and almost nobody lived there (GHSL 2025, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned. The GHSL 2025 epoch is a projection made from 2020 and earlier data.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 31 Jan | 39.1 °C | 5 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 64 |
| 1 Feb | 38.3 °C | 8 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very extreme 71 |
| 2 Feb | 33.9 °C | 9 % | 47 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very extreme 72 |
| 3 Feb | 34.3 °C | 9 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 69 |
| 4 Feb | 35.0 °C | 6 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 68 |
| 5 Feb | 35.7 °C | 8 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 65 |
| 6 Feb after | 37.5 °C | 7 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 65 |
| 7 Feb after | 35.2 °C | 7 % | 50 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very extreme 77 |
| 8 Feb after | 32.5 °C | 7 % | 46 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very extreme 73 |
| 9 Feb after | 33.0 °C | 7 % | 45 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very extreme 72 |
| 10 Feb after | 35.6 °C | 8 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 69 |
| 11 Feb after | 37.4 °C | 9 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 69 |
| 12 Feb after | 36.9 °C | 10 % | 45 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very extreme 73 |
| 13 Feb after | 36.1 °C | 8 % | 48 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very extreme 76 |
| 14 Feb after | 35.2 °C | 10 % | 44 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very extreme 71 |
| 15 Feb after | 32.3 °C | 11 % | 49 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very extreme 72 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 2 February 2023 the air beside the fire reached 31 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 23: 1.5 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 157Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 7,396 haUm Dafoug2 December 2021 · 6 days · 11 km away
- 12,724 haAl Radoum16 January 2021 · 19 days · 25 km away
- 9,181 haAl Radoum15 October 2026 · 13 days · 33 km away
- 9,387 haUm Dafoug 16 October 2026 · 17 days · 36 km away
- 11,259 haAl Radoum12 December 2025 · 18 days · 39 km away
- 48,869 haAl Radoum2 January 2026 · 39 days · 40 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Um Dafoug fire last?
- According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 31 January 2023 to 5 February 2023 (6 days). The perimeter dates it from 31 January 2023 to 4 February 2023.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 4,647 hectares (46.5 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Um Dafoug (4,673 ha, 0.9 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 39.1 °C, humidity dropped to 5 % and gusts hit 47 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 72, class Very extreme.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Sudan (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Satellite cross-check
History of this page · 1 Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
- Last day with fire: 4 February 2023 → 5 February 2023.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 31 January 2023 to 4 February 2023. 157 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2025, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.