Tsumkwe fire, 23 September 2022 Tsumkwe, Okakarara
The fire started on 23 September 2022 in Tsumkwe, Namibia, and satellites saw it burning for 5 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 20,280 hectares from heat detections, spread across 2 municipalities.
It is the 5th largest in Otjozondjupa since 2016 (of 214 with a page). Number 3 in Namibia in 2022, of 119.
Compare with…
- Burnt area
- 20,280ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 5days
- 23 Sept 2022 – 27 Sept 2022
- Municipalities hit
- 2
- constituencies
- Started on
- 23 Sept
- 2022
- Heat detections
- 639
- in a single hotspot: 263 MW
- Danger at start
- 53
- Extreme · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 3.3GW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone more than two months without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
4% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 885 ha in 2016.
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Tsumkwe where it started19,353 ha reached on 23 Sept0.7 %
-
1,056 ha reached on 23 Sept0.1 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2020Inside the perimeter there was no noticeable built-up land and almost nobody lived there (GHSL 2020, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23 Sept | 34.6 °C | 6 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 53 |
| 24 Sept | 35.8 °C | 7 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 59 |
| 25 Sept | 35.3 °C | 14 % | 44 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 63 |
| 26 Sept | 35.3 °C | 13 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 54 |
| 27 Sept | 35.8 °C | 13 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 60 |
| 28 Sept after | 37.0 °C | 9 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 64 |
| 29 Sept after | 35.5 °C | 12 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 64 |
| 30 Sept after | 35.8 °C | 10 % | 25 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 56 |
| 1 Oct after | 36.8 °C | 10 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 65 |
| 2 Oct after | 36.9 °C | 10 % | 44 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 67 |
| 3 Oct after | 37.2 °C | 9 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 55 |
| 4 Oct after | 37.7 °C | 8 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 55 |
| 5 Oct after | 38.7 °C | 7 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 58 |
| 6 Oct after | 37.6 °C | 10 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 58 |
| 7 Oct after | 37.4 °C | 9 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 64 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 27 September 2022 the air beside the fire reached 166 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 78: 5.2 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 639Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 4,623 haTsumkwe19 September 2022 · 5 days · 12 km away
- 24,530 haTsumkwe31 August 2016 · 13 days · 25 km away
- 5,378 haTsumkwe18 September 2022 · 5 days · 25 km away
- 5,138 haTsumkwe26 September 2022 · 8 days · 25 km away
- 5,067 haTsumkwe27 September 2022 · 6 days · 26 km away
- 4,340 haTsumkwe20 August 2023 · 7 days · 36 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Tsumkwe fire last?
- GWIS (Copernicus) dates it between 23 September 2022 and 27 September 2022: 5 days between the first and last heat detection of the perimeter.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 20,280 hectares (202.8 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire entered 2 municipalities: Tsumkwe (19,353 ha, 0.7 %); Okakarara (1,056 ha, 0.1 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 35.8 °C, humidity dropped to 6 % and gusts hit 44 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 63, class Extreme.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Namibia (OCHA COD-AB). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Satellite cross-check
History of this page Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
No changes since 24 October 2026.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery; 2 polygons grouped in this page.
- Dates from the perimeter: the VIIRS detections inside it did not change them. 639 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2020, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from OCHA COD-AB (Namibia Statistics Agency (NSA)) (Creative Commons Attribution for Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY-IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.