Toowoomba fire, November 2019 Toowoomba, Somerset
The fire started on 12 November 2019 in Toowoomba, Australia, and satellites saw it burning for 14 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 23,680 hectares from heat detections, spread across 2 municipalities.
It is the 265th largest in Queensland since 2016 (of 1744 with a page). Number 136 in Australia in 2019, of 802.
Compare with…
- Burnt area
- 23,680ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 14days
- 12 Nov 2019 – 25 Nov 2019
- Municipalities hit
- 2
- local government areas
- Started on
- 12 Nov
- 2019
- Heat detections
- 1,839
- in a single hotspot: 453 MW
- Danger at start
- 36
- High · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 1.6GW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone 23 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started. Rain came after the fire: 2.8 mm on 1 Dec.
This area had burned before
4% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 136 ha in 2016, 135 ha in 2017, 702 ha in 2018.
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Toowoomba where it started12,346 ha reached on 12 Nov1.0 %
-
11,432 ha reached on 16 Nov2.1 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2020Inside the perimeter there were about 10 hectares of built-up land and about 150 residents (GHSL 2020, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 Nov | 31.9 °C | 24 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 36 |
| 13 Nov | 31.9 °C | 16 % | 50 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 38 |
| 14 Nov | 31.1 °C | 12 % | 29 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 15 Nov | 33.2 °C | 12 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 38 |
| 16 Nov | 32.0 °C | 29 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 31 |
| 17 Nov | 32.8 °C | 14 % | 50 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 43 |
| 18 Nov | 28.2 °C | 30 % | 44 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 19 Nov | 33.0 °C | 23 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 31 |
| 20 Nov | 34.5 °C | 26 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 36 |
| 21 Nov | 30.5 °C | 35 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 33 |
| 22 Nov | 30.4 °C | 32 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 32 |
| 23 Nov | 30.5 °C | 33 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 32 |
| 24 Nov | 29.5 °C | 35 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 32 |
| 25 Nov | 30.6 °C | 33 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 32 |
| 26 Nov after | 31.7 °C | 34 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 31 |
| 27 Nov after | 32.2 °C | 36 % | 46 km/h | 0.6 mm | High 31 |
| 28 Nov after | 28.8 °C | 57 % | 28 km/h | 0.4 mm | Moderate 21 |
| 29 Nov after | 33.4 °C | 33 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 29 |
| 30 Nov after | 33.8 °C | 32 % | 29 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 29 |
| 1 Dec after | 31.2 °C | 40 % | 42 km/h | 2.8 mm | Moderate 16 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
Detections table · 1,839Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Toowoomba fire last?
- According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 12 November 2019 to 25 November 2019 (14 days). The perimeter dates it from 12 November 2019 to 23 November 2019.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 23,680 hectares (236.8 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire entered 2 municipalities: Toowoomba (12,346 ha, 1.0 %); Somerset (11,432 ha, 2.1 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 34.5 °C, humidity dropped to 12 % and gusts hit 50 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 43, class Very high.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Australia (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 000 · Emergency number and official warnings ›
Satellite cross-check
History of this page · 1 Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
- Last day with fire: 23 November 2019 → 25 November 2019.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 12 November 2019 to 23 November 2019. 1,839 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2020, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.