Burned area
satellite only10,212ha
Perimeter published by GWIS (Copernicus).
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus)
- Date
- 22 Apr 2020 – 6 May 2020
+− cross-check
No official record is matched to this page to compare it with.
SS · South Sudan · –
Tonj North fire, April 2020 Tonj North
Out · last detection 5 May 2020, 23:48 UTC
The fire started on 22 April 2020 in Tonj North, South Sudan, and satellites saw it burning for 15 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 10,212 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 10th largest in Warrap since 2016 (of 35 with a page). Number 58 in South Sudan in 2020, of 190.
Use this data
Compare with…
Use this data
Fire page data · version 2026-10-26matches the official recordwith caveatssatellite onlymodel
When copying, the sentence is
Tick the figures you want: they make up the lede and the CSV.
Duration by satellite
satellite only15days
22 Apr 2020 to 6 May 2020: first and last day with fire on the page.
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus) · NASA FIRMS · VIIRS
- Date
- last detection: 5 May 2020, 23:48 UTC
+− cross-check
Satellites pass a few times a day and cloud or smoke can hide the fire: a lack of detections is not an official extinction. Each country’s emergency service declares a fire contained or out.
Start
satellite only22 Apr 2020
First day with fire seen by the satellites or the perimeter.
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus) · NASA FIRMS · VIIRS
- Date
- 22 Apr 2020
+− cross-check
No official record is matched to this page, so the alert time and the cause are not known here.
Hotspots
satellite only316
VIIRS detections at 375 m. Most intense hotspot: 121 MW.
- Source
- NASA FIRMS · VIIRS (Suomi NPP)
- Date
- 22 Apr 2020 – 6 May 2020
+− cross-check
There is no official record to compare with. Each hotspot is a pixel detected in one satellite pass, not a separate fire.
The worst day
satellite only1,134MW
Total radiative power on 29 April 2020; hotspots that day: 54.
- Source
- NASA FIRMS · VIIRS (FRP)
- Date
- 29 Apr 2020
+− cross-check
Fire radiative power (FRP) measures the energy the fire gives off when the satellite passes. Added up by day, it compares intensity, not area.
Danger at the start
model48.9FWI · very high
Fire Weather Index (Canadian system) computed by WorldFires for the day the fire started. Consecutive days without rain before: 13.
- Source
- WorldFires calculation (Canadian FWI system)
- Date
- 22 Apr 2020, local noon
- Model
- ERA5 0,25° (ECMWF · Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com
+− cross-check
This is an index computed from weather model data, not a measurement of the fire nor an official warning. Danger warnings are issued by each country’s authority. Emergency number and official warnings
Weather during the fire
model41.7°C · 15% RH
High of 41.7 °C and minimum humidity of 15% on 26 April 2020; gusts of 51 km/h on 5 May 2020.
- Source
- weather model at the fire’s grid cell
- Date
- 22 Apr 2020 – 6 May 2020
- Model
- ERA5 0,25° (ECMWF · Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com
+− cross-check
These are model values for a cell of about 25 km, not from a weather station: they may differ from what was measured on the ground.
This page’s change log has been kept since 24 October 2026: every night what it publishes is compared and the difference is logged. Anything earlier is reconstructed from each source’s date and marked as reconstructed.
Show
-
· reconstructed weatherWeather and FWI computed from the ERA5 reanalysis
-
logLast day with fire: 3 May 2020 → 6 May 2020.
-
logStart date: 25 April 2020 → 22 April 2020.
-
· reconstructed GHSLPopulation and built-up area computed
What was saved on 26 October 2026
Every night a snapshot of what the page shows is saved. If anything changes, it appears in the list as a log entry.
- Area
- 10,212 ha
- Dates
- 22 Apr 2020 – 6 May 2020
- Name
- Tonj North
- Official record
- —
Versioned permanent link
https://worldfires.org/en/fire/tonj-north-2020-04?v=2026-10-26A version keeps the area, dates, name and official record; the area as it was logged (changes under 2% are not logged). The map, hotspots and weather always show today’s data.
Citation
A lede of about 60 words figures only, no adjectives
CSV for this fire tonj-north-2020-04.csv · daily, no individual hotspots
| fecha | focos_viirs | frp_mw | tmax_c | tmin_c | hr_min_pct | viento_max_kmh | racha_max_kmh | precip_mm | fwi | clase_fwi | dentro_del_incendio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-04-22 | 0 | 0 | 40.8 | 27.7 | 14 | 12.5 | 31.3 | 0 | 48.9 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2020-04-23 | 0 | 0 | 38.9 | 28 | 20 | 12.2 | 31.3 | 0 | 48.7 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2020-04-24 | 2 | 2 | 40.3 | 28.4 | 17 | 18.3 | 40 | 0 | 56.3 | extremo | 1 |
| 2020-04-25 | 30 | 328 | 41 | 29.8 | 16 | 14.3 | 33.8 | 0 | 51.8 | extremo | 1 |
| 2020-04-26 | 16 | 439 | 41.7 | 30.2 | 15 | 19.3 | 41 | 0 | 58.4 | extremo | 1 |
| 2020-04-27 | 5 | 42 | 38.9 | 29.9 | 23 | 20.6 | 38.9 | 0 | 57 | extremo | 1 |
| 2020-04-28 | 22 | 218 | 38.4 | 27.9 | 26 | 17.6 | 36 | 0 | 50.4 | extremo | 1 |
| 2020-04-29 | 54 | 1,134 | 39.7 | 29.3 | 18 | 17.7 | 36 | 0 | 51.5 | extremo | 1 |
| 2020-04-30 | 58 | 286 | 41.5 | 30.2 | 16 | 17 | 38.5 | 0 | 54 | extremo | 1 |
| 2020-05-01 | 80 | 695 | 39.2 | 29.4 | 22 | 21.2 | 37.4 | 0 | 59 | extremo | 1 |
| 2020-05-02 | 12 | 146 | 40 | 28.9 | 20 | 18.1 | 31.7 | 0 | 55.3 | extremo | 1 |
| 2020-05-03 | 34 | 562 | 35.4 | 29 | 36 | 21.8 | 46.8 | 0 | 46.3 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2020-05-04 | 0 | 0 | 40.4 | 29.3 | 23 | 15.5 | 32.8 | 0.3 | 45.3 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2020-05-05 | 3 | 34 | 38.7 | 26.5 | 30 | 23.8 | 50.8 | 4.1 | 31.2 | alto | 1 |
| 2020-05-06 | 0 | 0 | 38.6 | 27.9 | 27 | 13.8 | 33.5 | 0 | 35.8 | alto | 1 |
| 2020-05-07 | 0 | 0 | 36.6 | 28.1 | 34 | 15.1 | 37.8 | 0 | 37.4 | alto | 0 |
| 2020-05-08 | 0 | 0 | 38.6 | 29.6 | 27 | 15.2 | 34.2 | 1.3 | 34.2 | alto | 0 |
It is generated in your browser from this page’s data: one file per fire, aggregated by day and without individual hotspots.
Live widget for your story
It updates itself while the fire is still active and links to this page. Free, with the attribution shown at the bottom.
Sources for this page: GWIS (Copernicus), NASA FIRMS (VIIRS), ERA5 (ECMWF/Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0), GHSL (JRC). Open-Meteo.com · How we build fire pages: methodology
- Burnt area
- 10,212ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 15days
- 22 Apr 2020 – 6 May 2020
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- counties
- Started on
- 22 Apr
- 2020
- Heat detections
- 316
- in a single hotspot: 121 MW
- Danger at start
- 49
- Very high · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 353MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
HOTSPOTS BY DAY
22 Apr6 May
5 May 2020
How it evolved, day by day
24 Apr
29 Apr
3 May
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
42°high
51km/h · peak gust
14%lowest humidity
It had gone 13 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started. Rain came after the fire: 1.3 mm on 8 May.
This area had burned before
98% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 2,830 ha in 2016, 10,434 ha in 2017, 4,668 ha in 2018, 7,979 ha in 2019. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 10,007 ha that had burned before.
- 4,833 ha Tonj North fire, April 2017 14,292 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 4,345 ha Tonj North fire, March 2019 10,274 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 2,004 ha Tonj North fire, April 2018 6,581 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 870 ha Tonj North fire, April 2019 6,176 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Tonj North where it started10,290 ha reached on 24 Apr0.9 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2020Built-up area< 0.1 ha
Residents< 20
Inside the perimeter there was no noticeable built-up land and almost nobody lived there (GHSL 2020, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
Started with Very dry air: 33 % of the area in South Sudan
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22 Apr | 40.8 °C | 14 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 23 Apr | 38.9 °C | 20 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 24 Apr | 40.3 °C | 17 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 56 |
| 25 Apr | 41.0 °C | 16 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 26 Apr | 41.7 °C | 15 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 58 |
| 27 Apr | 38.9 °C | 23 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 57 |
| 28 Apr | 38.4 °C | 26 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 50 |
| 29 Apr | 39.7 °C | 18 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 30 Apr | 41.5 °C | 16 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 54 |
| 1 May | 39.2 °C | 22 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 59 |
| 2 May | 40.0 °C | 20 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 55 |
| 3 May | 35.4 °C | 36 % | 47 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 4 May | 40.4 °C | 23 % | 33 km/h | 0.3 mm | Very high 45 |
| 5 May | 38.7 °C | 30 % | 51 km/h | 4.1 mm | High 31 |
| 6 May | 38.6 °C | 27 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 36 |
| 7 May after | 36.6 °C | 34 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 37 |
| 8 May after | 38.6 °C | 27 % | 34 km/h | 1.3 mm | High 34 |
Its twins: fires that started in the same weather
It started with an FWI of 48.9, a minimum humidity of 14% and 13 days without rain. Fires in the area that started in weather like this since 2016: 34.
FWI at the start
48.9
Minimum humidity
14 %
Days without rain
13
this fire
chosen twins
rest of the area
Almost identicalSimilar
Outlines of the closest twins
This fire · Tonj North fire, April 2020
10,212 ha
15 days
FWI 48.9
Min. humidity 14 %
Abiemnhom fire, November 2020
16,271 ha
16 days
FWI 50.2
Min. humidity 14 %
119 km away, in 2020
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
Keilak fire, November 2016
2,092 ha
3 days
FWI 49.4
Min. humidity 14 %
218 km away, in 2016
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
Wau fire, December 2016
31,829 ha
18 days
FWI 48.8
Min. humidity 14 %
248 km away, in 2016
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
Tonj North fire, April 2017
14,292 ha
18 days
FWI 51.3
Min. humidity 17 %
5 km away, in 2017
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: 1.3 mm on 24 Apr.
As Salam - WK fire, November 2016
2,347 ha
3 days
FWI 47.8
Min. humidity 13 %
239 km away, in 2016
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
What happened to them
- 10 days
- median duration
- 4,643 ha
- median area
- 15 %
- went past 10,000 ha
- 1.6 mm
- rain at the end (median; 3 of 34 had it)
It was 2.2 times larger than the median of its twins and lasted 15 days, against 10 days.
Only 5 of its 34 twins burned more. The weather on the first day does not explain everything: the wind in the following days, the fuel and the firefighting also count. In 31 of 34, not even 1 mm fell in the ten days after the end: they went out without rain. In the rest, the first rainy day brought a median of 1.6 mm.
This is a bank of analogues: it shows what usually happens, not what will happen. With fewer than 15 twins we give no figures. How we calculate it
How it ended
1.3 mmfirst rain
8 May2 days after it ended
51km/h · max. gust
It was considered over on 6 May, and on 8 May 1.3 mm fell. We do not know whether the rain or the firefighters put it out. Twins with rain when they ended: 3 of 34, with a median of 1.6 mm.
Weather on this page: Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
How a twin is chosen
- Same area: fires that have already ended, less than 250 km from this one, since 2016.
- Same start: we compare the FWI on the first day, the minimum humidity that day and the run of days without rain before it. The slider sets how much they may differ.
- Only pages with final weather data (ERA5 reanalysis) calculated in the same way as this fire’s; agricultural and grass burns and pages with data under review are left out.
- Fires burning at the same time as this one (a week before or after) are left out: they share the same spell of weather and do not count as a precedent.
- They are sorted by similarity, and the outlines of the first five are drawn.
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
↔
Before · 15 Apr 2020
After · 13 May 2020
Sentinel-2 did not pass over on that day. Try another date, or use false colour, which is daily.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
Detections table · 316Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
⬇ Download CSV
Times in UTC. Each detection is a 375 m pixel: a large fire yields hundreds per pass.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Tonj North fire last?
- According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 22 April 2020 to 6 May 2020 (15 days). The perimeter dates it from 25 April 2020 to 3 May 2020.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 10,212 hectares (102.1 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Tonj North (10,290 ha, 0.9 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 41.7 °C, humidity dropped to 14 % and gusts hit 51 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 59, class Extreme.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of South Sudan (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
- How did the fires that started in similar weather in this area end?
- Fires less than 250 km away that started since 2016 with a similar FWI, humidity and dry spell: 34. Their median duration was 10 days and their median area 4,643 ha; 15 % went past 10,000 ha. Only 5 of its 34 twins burned more. The weather on the first day does not explain everything: the wind in the following days, the fuel and the firefighting also count. In 31 of 34, not even 1 mm fell in the ten days after the end: they went out without rain. In the rest, the first rainy day brought a median of 1.6 mm.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Satellite cross-check
History of this page · 2 Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
- Last day with fire: 3 May 2020 → 6 May 2020.
- Start date: 25 April 2020 → 22 April 2020.
RSS Changes to this page With cross-checks and a citable version
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 25 April 2020 to 3 May 2020. 316 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2020, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.