Tolon fire, 20 December 2025 Central Gonja, Tolon
The fire started on 20 December 2025 in Tolon, Ghana, and satellites saw it burning for 22 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 7,391 hectares from heat detections, spread across 2 municipalities.
It is the 12th largest in Northern Region since 2016 (of 262 with a page). Number 15 in Ghana in 2025, of 144.
Compare with…
Suggestions: Tolon · 2024Tolon · 2022Tolon · 2020Tolon · 2019
- Burnt area
- 7,391ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 22days
- 20 Dec 2025 – 10 Jan 2026
- Municipalities hit
- 2
- districts
- Started on
- 20 Dec
- 2025
- Heat detections
- 230
- in a single hotspot: 134 MW
- Danger at start
- 41
- Very high · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 99MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone 42 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
85% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 911 ha in 2016, 2,368 ha in 2017, 813 ha in 2018, 1,440 ha in 2019, 1,780 ha in 2020, 2,926 ha in 2021, 2,732 ha in 2022, 3,057 ha in 2023, 2,448 ha in 2024. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 6,312 ha that had burned before.
- 1,319 ha Tolon fire, December 2024 2,212 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,306 ha Tolon fire, December 2022 3,369 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,266 ha Tolon fire, January 2020 2,688 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,057 ha Tolon fire, January 2019 2,150 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 878 ha Central Gonja fire, December 2023 2,510 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 691 ha Tolon fire, December 2021 2,038 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 169 ha Tolon fire, December 2018 2,921 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 104 ha Tolon fire, January 2020 2,416 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
3,975 ha reached on 23 Dec0.5 %
-
Tolon where it started3,464 ha reached on 20 Dec2.5 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2025Inside the perimeter there were about 0.49 hectares of built-up land and about 40 residents (GHSL 2025, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned. The GHSL 2025 epoch is a projection made from 2020 and earlier data.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20 Dec | 35.6 °C | 21 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 41 |
| 21 Dec | 36.0 °C | 23 % | 29 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
| 22 Dec | 36.5 °C | 22 % | 25 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 23 Dec | 36.6 °C | 22 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 39 |
| 24 Dec | 36.4 °C | 30 % | 19 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 37 |
| 25 Dec | 36.3 °C | 35 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 36 |
| 26 Dec | 37.1 °C | 28 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 37 |
| 27 Dec | 37.5 °C | 27 % | 22 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 28 Dec | 37.7 °C | 21 % | 29 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 29 Dec | 37.1 °C | 32 % | 22 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 36 |
| 30 Dec | 37.1 °C | 32 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 38 |
| 31 Dec | 37.9 °C | 27 % | 29 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 39 |
| 1 Jan | 37.4 °C | 27 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 38 |
| 2 Jan | 37.5 °C | 25 % | 20 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 38 |
| 3 Jan | 37.3 °C | 33 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 4 Jan | 36.4 °C | 36 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 5 Jan | 37.3 °C | 32 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 37 |
| 6 Jan | 38.0 °C | 27 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 36 |
| 7 Jan | 37.5 °C | 27 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 36 |
| 8 Jan | 35.5 °C | 20 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 43 |
| 9 Jan | 37.7 °C | 14 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 50 |
| 10 Jan | 37.1 °C | 20 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 45 |
| 11 Jan after | 36.2 °C | 16 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 12 Jan after | 35.5 °C | 18 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 13 Jan after | 36.6 °C | 21 % | 22 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
| 14 Jan after | 36.4 °C | 24 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
| 15 Jan after | 36.7 °C | 23 % | 22 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
| 16 Jan after | 36.6 °C | 20 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 45 |
| 17 Jan after | 36.0 °C | 18 % | 25 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
| 18 Jan after | 36.5 °C | 19 % | 21 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 43 |
| 19 Jan after | 37.5 °C | 19 % | 20 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 43 |
| 20 Jan after | 36.2 °C | 18 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 23 December 2025 the air beside the fire reached 58 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 44: 2.9 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 230Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Tolon fire last?
- According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 20 December 2025 to 10 January 2026 (22 days). The perimeter dates it from 25 December 2025 to 3 January 2026.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 7,391 hectares (73.9 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire entered 2 municipalities: Central Gonja (3,975 ha, 0.5 %); Tolon (3,464 ha, 2.5 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 38.0 °C, humidity dropped to 14 % and gusts hit 33 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 50, class Extreme.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Ghana (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 112 · Emergency number and official warnings ›
Satellite cross-check
History of this page · 2 Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
- Last day with fire: 3 January 2026 → 10 January 2026.
- Start date: 25 December 2025 → 20 December 2025.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 25 December 2025 to 3 January 2026. 230 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2025, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.