Burned area
satellite only3,010ha
Perimeter published by GWIS (Copernicus).
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus)
- Date
- 9 Apr 2024 – 22 Apr 2024
+− cross-check
No official record is matched to this page to compare it with.
NP · Nepal · –
Rapti Sonari fire, April 2024 Rapti Sonari
Out · last detection 22 Apr 2024, 07:05 UTC
The fire started on 9 April 2024 in Rapti Sonari, Nepal, and satellites saw it burning for 14 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 3,010 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 22th largest in Lumbini since 2016 (of 47 with a page). Number 3 in Nepal in 2024, of 6.
The power measured by the satellite is low (18.9 MW in the strongest hotspot), more typical of grass or stubble burning, or a slow surface fire, than of a large crown fire.
Use this data
Compare with…
Use this data
Fire page data · version 2026-10-26matches the official recordwith caveatssatellite onlymodel
When copying, the sentence is
Tick the figures you want: they make up the lede and the CSV.
Duration by satellite
satellite only14days
9 Apr 2024 to 22 Apr 2024: first and last day with fire on the page.
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus) · NASA FIRMS · VIIRS
- Date
- last detection: 22 Apr 2024, 07:05 UTC
+− cross-check
Satellites pass a few times a day and cloud or smoke can hide the fire: a lack of detections is not an official extinction. Each country’s emergency service declares a fire contained or out.
Start
satellite only9 Apr 2024
First day with fire seen by the satellites or the perimeter.
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus) · NASA FIRMS · VIIRS
- Date
- 9 Apr 2024
+− cross-check
No official record is matched to this page, so the alert time and the cause are not known here.
Hotspots
satellite only144
VIIRS detections at 375 m. Most intense hotspot: 19 MW.
- Source
- NASA FIRMS · VIIRS (Suomi NPP)
- Date
- 9 Apr 2024 – 22 Apr 2024
+− cross-check
There is no official record to compare with. Each hotspot is a pixel detected in one satellite pass, not a separate fire.
The worst day
satellite only124MW
Total radiative power on 19 April 2024; hotspots that day: 29.
- Source
- NASA FIRMS · VIIRS (FRP)
- Date
- 19 Apr 2024
+− cross-check
Fire radiative power (FRP) measures the energy the fire gives off when the satellite passes. Added up by day, it compares intensity, not area.
Danger at the start
model42.7FWI · very high
Fire Weather Index (Canadian system) computed by WorldFires for the day the fire started. Consecutive days without rain before: 36.
- Source
- WorldFires calculation (Canadian FWI system)
- Date
- 9 Apr 2024, local noon
- Model
- ERA5 0,25° (ECMWF · Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com
+− cross-check
This is an index computed from weather model data, not a measurement of the fire nor an official warning. Danger warnings are issued by each country’s authority. Emergency number and official warnings
Weather during the fire
model39.0°C · 22% RH
High of 39.0 °C and minimum humidity of 22% on 19 April 2024; gusts of 69 km/h on 19 April 2024.
- Source
- weather model at the fire’s grid cell
- Date
- 9 Apr 2024 – 22 Apr 2024
- Model
- ERA5 0,25° (ECMWF · Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com
+− cross-check
These are model values for a cell of about 25 km, not from a weather station: they may differ from what was measured on the ground.
This page’s change log has been kept since 24 October 2026: every night what it publishes is compared and the difference is logged. Anything earlier is reconstructed from each source’s date and marked as reconstructed.
Show
-
· reconstructed weatherWeather and FWI computed from the ERA5 reanalysis
-
logLast day with fire: 20 April 2024 → 22 April 2024.
-
logStart date: 16 April 2024 → 9 April 2024.
-
· reconstructed GHSLPopulation and built-up area computed
What was saved on 26 October 2026
Every night a snapshot of what the page shows is saved. If anything changes, it appears in the list as a log entry.
- Area
- 3,010 ha
- Dates
- 9 Apr 2024 – 22 Apr 2024
- Name
- Rapti Sonari
- Official record
- —
Versioned permanent link
https://worldfires.org/en/fire/rapti-sonari-2024-04?v=2026-10-26A version keeps the area, dates, name and official record; the area as it was logged (changes under 2% are not logged). The map, hotspots and weather always show today’s data.
Citation
A lede of about 60 words figures only, no adjectives
CSV for this fire rapti-sonari-2024-04.csv · daily, no individual hotspots
| fecha | focos_viirs | frp_mw | tmax_c | tmin_c | hr_min_pct | viento_max_kmh | racha_max_kmh | precip_mm | fwi | clase_fwi | dentro_del_incendio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-04-09 | 1 | 1 | 35.7 | 16.4 | 15 | 13.7 | 36.7 | 0 | 42.7 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2024-04-10 | 0 | 0 | 36.3 | 16.7 | 19 | 14.7 | 35.6 | 0 | 44.5 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2024-04-11 | 0 | 0 | 36.9 | 19 | 20 | 14 | 32 | 0 | 44.4 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2024-04-12 | 0 | 0 | 35 | 18.7 | 27 | 12.5 | 31.3 | 0 | 38.7 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2024-04-13 | 8 | 12 | 36.2 | 19.3 | 26 | 10.7 | 28.8 | 0 | 37.6 | alto | 1 |
| 2024-04-14 | 19 | 30 | 35.4 | 20.1 | 32 | 9.8 | 25.6 | 0 | 33.9 | alto | 1 |
| 2024-04-15 | 12 | 32 | 36.6 | 21.4 | 31 | 21.6 | 49.3 | 0 | 45.5 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2024-04-16 | 6 | 24 | 37 | 22.9 | 24 | 26 | 57.6 | 0 | 50.9 | extremo | 1 |
| 2024-04-17 | 25 | 88 | 36.6 | 21.4 | 23 | 18 | 45.7 | 0 | 43 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2024-04-18 | 22 | 72 | 36.2 | 20.8 | 20 | 20.1 | 50 | 0 | 47.5 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2024-04-19 | 29 | 124 | 39 | 22.9 | 22 | 27.7 | 68.8 | 0 | 57.4 | extremo | 1 |
| 2024-04-20 | 16 | 98 | 38.9 | 23.5 | 18 | 22.1 | 54 | 0 | 54.4 | extremo | 1 |
| 2024-04-21 | 3 | 3 | 37.2 | 22.2 | 22 | 20.4 | 49.3 | 0 | 52.8 | extremo | 1 |
| 2024-04-22 | 3 | 17 | 37.3 | 21.7 | 21 | 19.9 | 50.8 | 0 | 52.6 | extremo | 1 |
| 2024-04-23 | 0 | 0 | 36.7 | 20.9 | 20 | 20.4 | 52.9 | 0 | 53.7 | extremo | 0 |
| 2024-04-24 | 0 | 0 | 37.5 | 20.4 | 17 | 22.9 | 54.7 | 0 | 57.3 | extremo | 0 |
| 2024-04-25 | 0 | 0 | 38.1 | 20.4 | 17 | 24.2 | 57.6 | 0 | 59.4 | extremo | 0 |
| 2024-04-26 | 0 | 0 | 39.4 | 20.9 | 17 | 23.4 | 56.9 | 0 | 58.9 | extremo | 0 |
| 2024-04-27 | 0 | 0 | 39 | 23.7 | 24 | 18.8 | 47.5 | 0 | 53.3 | extremo | 0 |
| 2024-04-28 | 0 | 0 | 38.3 | 21.8 | 17 | 20 | 50.8 | 0 | 55.2 | extremo | 0 |
| 2024-04-29 | 0 | 0 | 39.3 | 22 | 17 | 21.3 | 53.6 | 0 | 57.2 | extremo | 0 |
| 2024-04-30 | 0 | 0 | 38.9 | 23.2 | 17 | 21.9 | 54.4 | 0 | 58.4 | extremo | 0 |
| 2024-05-01 | 0 | 0 | 37.3 | 21.1 | 13 | 21 | 51.5 | 0 | 58.8 | extremo | 0 |
| 2024-05-02 | 0 | 0 | 35 | 20.2 | 19 | 14.2 | 37.4 | 0 | 49.8 | muy_alto | 0 |
It is generated in your browser from this page’s data: one file per fire, aggregated by day and without individual hotspots.
Live widget for your story
It updates itself while the fire is still active and links to this page. Free, with the attribution shown at the bottom.
Sources for this page: GWIS (Copernicus), NASA FIRMS (VIIRS), ERA5 (ECMWF/Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0), GHSL (JRC). Open-Meteo.com · How we build fire pages: methodology
- Burnt area
- 3,010ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 14days
- 9 Apr 2024 – 22 Apr 2024
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- municipalities
- Started on
- 9 Apr
- 2024
- Heat detections
- 144
- in a single hotspot: 19 MW
- Danger at start
- 43
- Very high · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 46MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
HOTSPOTS BY DAY
9 Apr22 Apr
22 Apr 2024
How it evolved, day by day
9 Apr
15 Apr
19 Apr
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
39°high
69km/h · peak gust
15%lowest humidity
It had gone 36 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
100% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 2,848 ha in 2016, 2,333 ha in 2017, 2,471 ha in 2019, 2,114 ha in 2021, 2,375 ha in 2022, 2,131 ha in 2023. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 3,018 ha that had burned before.
- 2,621 ha Rapti Sonari fire, March 2016 43,531 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 2,375 ha Rapti Sonari fire, April 2022 26,119 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 2,275 ha Rapti Sonari fire, April 2017 36,223 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,947 ha Rapti Sonari fire, April 2019 25,917 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 718 ha Babai fire, March 2021 18,795 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 302 ha Rapti Sonari fire, April 2019 3,535 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 148 ha Rapti Sonari fire, April 2023 3,833 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Rapti Sonari where it started3,021 ha reached on 9 Apr2.9 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2025Built-up area< 0.1 ha
Residents< 20
Inside the perimeter there was no noticeable built-up land and almost nobody lived there (GHSL 2025, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned. The GHSL 2025 epoch is a projection made from 2020 and earlier data.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 Apr | 35.7 °C | 15 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 43 |
| 10 Apr | 36.3 °C | 19 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
| 11 Apr | 36.9 °C | 20 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
| 12 Apr | 35.0 °C | 27 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 39 |
| 13 Apr | 36.2 °C | 26 % | 29 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 38 |
| 14 Apr | 35.4 °C | 32 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 15 Apr | 36.6 °C | 31 % | 49 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 16 Apr | 37.0 °C | 24 % | 58 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 51 |
| 17 Apr | 36.6 °C | 23 % | 46 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 43 |
| 18 Apr | 36.2 °C | 20 % | 50 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 19 Apr | 39.0 °C | 22 % | 69 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 57 |
| 20 Apr | 38.9 °C | 18 % | 54 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 54 |
| 21 Apr | 37.2 °C | 22 % | 49 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 53 |
| 22 Apr | 37.3 °C | 21 % | 51 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 53 |
| 23 Apr after | 36.7 °C | 20 % | 53 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 54 |
| 24 Apr after | 37.5 °C | 17 % | 55 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 57 |
| 25 Apr after | 38.1 °C | 17 % | 58 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 59 |
| 26 Apr after | 39.4 °C | 17 % | 57 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 59 |
| 27 Apr after | 39.0 °C | 24 % | 48 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 53 |
| 28 Apr after | 38.3 °C | 17 % | 51 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 55 |
| 29 Apr after | 39.3 °C | 17 % | 54 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 57 |
| 30 Apr after | 38.9 °C | 17 % | 54 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 58 |
| 1 May after | 37.3 °C | 13 % | 52 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 59 |
| 2 May after | 35.0 °C | 19 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 50 |
Its twins: fires that started in the same weather
It started with an FWI of 42.7, a minimum humidity of 15% and 36 days without rain. Fires in the area that started in weather like this since 2016: 32.
FWI at the start
42.7
Minimum humidity
15 %
Days without rain
36
this fire
chosen twins
rest of the area
Almost identicalSimilar
Outlines of the closest twins
This fire · Rapti Sonari fire, April 2024
3,010 ha
14 days
FWI 42.7
Min. humidity 15 %
Mihinpurwa Motipur fire, April 2022
7,990 ha
14 days
FWI 43.5
Min. humidity 22 %
59 km away, in 2022
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: 7.3 mm on 2 May.
Mihinpurwa Motipur fire, April 2016
6,453 ha
19 days
FWI 39.8
Min. humidity 18 %
69 km away, in 2016
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
Bardiya National Park fire, April 2021
2,075 ha
16 days
FWI 41.8
Min. humidity 17 %
70 km away, in 2021
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: 3.4 mm on 30 Apr.
Sarumarani fire, April 2021
2,067 ha
12 days
FWI 43.8
Min. humidity 12 %
87 km away, in 2021
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: 3.5 mm on 15 Apr.
Poornagiri fire, April 2016
8,568 ha
19 days
FWI 43.3
Min. humidity 22 %
198 km away, in 2016
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: 3.0 mm on 3 May.
What happened to them
- 15 days
- median duration
- 2,956 ha
- median area
- 100 %
- went past 1,000 ha
- 2.5 mm
- rain at the end (median; 28 of 32 had it)
It burned an area similar to its twins (3,010 ha against a median of 2,956 ha) and lasted 14 days, against 15 days.
In 4 of 32, not even 1 mm fell in the ten days after the end: they went out without rain. In the rest, the first rainy day brought a median of 2.5 mm.
This is a bank of analogues: it shows what usually happens, not what will happen. With fewer than 15 twins we give no figures. How we calculate it
How it ended
—first rain
—no rain in ten days
69km/h · max. gust
It was considered over on 22 Apr, and not even 1 mm fell in the following ten days: it went out without rain. Twins with rain when they ended: 28 of 32, with a median of 2.5 mm.
Weather on this page: Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
How a twin is chosen
- Same area: fires that have already ended, less than 250 km from this one, since 2016.
- Same start: we compare the FWI on the first day, the minimum humidity that day and the run of days without rain before it. The slider sets how much they may differ.
- Only pages with final weather data (ERA5 reanalysis) calculated in the same way as this fire’s; agricultural and grass burns and pages with data under review are left out.
- Fires burning at the same time as this one (a week before or after) are left out: they share the same spell of weather and do not count as a precedent.
- They are sorted by similarity, and the outlines of the first five are drawn.
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
↔
Before · 2 Apr 2024
After · 29 Apr 2024
Sentinel-2 did not pass over on that day. Try another date, or use false colour, which is daily.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 21 April 2024 the air beside the fire reached 53 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 35: 2.3 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
PM2.5 peak53 µg/m³
Days over the guideline18 days
PM10114 µg/m³
Optical depth0.80
WHO 15
7 Apr11 Apr15 Apr19 Apr23 Apr
Good
Fair
Moderate
Poor
Very poor
Extremely poor
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 144Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
⬇ Download CSV
Times in UTC. Each detection is a 375 m pixel: a large fire yields hundreds per pass.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Rapti Sonari fire last?
- According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 9 April 2024 to 22 April 2024 (14 days). The perimeter dates it from 16 April 2024 to 20 April 2024.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 3,010 hectares (30.1 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Rapti Sonari (3,021 ha, 2.9 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 39.0 °C, humidity dropped to 15 % and gusts hit 69 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 57, class Extreme.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Nepal (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
- How did the fires that started in similar weather in this area end?
- Fires less than 250 km away that started since 2016 with a similar FWI, humidity and dry spell: 32. Their median duration was 15 days and their median area 2,956 ha; 100 % went past 1,000 ha. In 4 of 32, not even 1 mm fell in the ten days after the end: they went out without rain. In the rest, the first rainy day brought a median of 2.5 mm.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 101 · Emergency number and official warnings
Satellite cross-check
History of this page · 2 Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
- Last day with fire: 20 April 2024 → 22 April 2024.
- Start date: 16 April 2024 → 9 April 2024.
RSS Changes to this page With cross-checks and a citable version
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 16 April 2024 to 20 April 2024. 144 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2025, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM3 (Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.