Rafi fire, 4 January 2024 Rafi
The fire started on 4 January 2024 in Rafi, Nigeria, and satellites saw it burning for 4 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 2,378 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 213th largest in Niger since 2016 (of 271 with a page). Number 76 in Nigeria in 2024, of 118.
- Burnt area
- 2,378ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 4days
- 4 Jan 2024 – 7 Jan 2024
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- local government areas
- Started on
- 4 Jan
- 2024
- Heat detections
- 69
- in a single hotspot: 33 MW
- Average daily power
- 79MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
This area had burned before
96% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 1,174 ha in 2018, 1,705 ha in 2020, 3,413 ha in 2021, 1,013 ha in 2022, 382 ha in 2023. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 2,282 ha that had burned before.
- 1,874 ha Rafi fire, January 2021 23,153 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,705 ha Rafi fire, February 2020 2,486 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,472 ha Rafi fire, December 2021 4,315 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,174 ha Rafi fire, January 2018 2,012 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
What happened to each town
-
Rafi where it started2,392 ha reached on 4 Jan0.6 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance is from the town centre to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 5 January 2024 the air beside the fire reached 161 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 104: 6.9 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 69Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Rafi fire last?
- GWIS (Copernicus) dates it between 4 January 2024 and 7 January 2024: 4 days between the first and last heat detection of the perimeter.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 2,378 hectares (23.8 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Rafi (2,392 ha, 0.6 %).
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Nigeria (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 112
Satellite cross-check
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.