Burned area
satellite only1,035ha
Perimeter published by GWIS (Copernicus).
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus)
- Date
- 23 Feb 2021 – 11 Mar 2021
+− cross-check
No official record is matched to this page to compare it with.
TH · Thailand · –
Pang Mapha fire, February 2021 ปางมะผ้า · Pang Mapha, Pai
Out · last detection 11 Mar 2021, 18:28 UTC
The fire started on 23 February 2021 in Pang Mapha, Thailand, and satellites saw it burning for 17 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 1,035 hectares from heat detections, spread across 2 municipalities.
It is the 341th largest in Mae Hong Son Province since 2016 (of 361 with a page). Number 172 in Thailand in 2021, of 187.
Use this data
Compare with…
Use this data
Fire page data · version 2026-10-26matches the official recordwith caveatssatellite onlymodel
When copying, the sentence is
Tick the figures you want: they make up the lede and the CSV.
Duration by satellite
satellite only17days
23 Feb 2021 to 11 Mar 2021: first and last day with fire on the page.
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus) · NASA FIRMS · VIIRS
- Date
- last detection: 11 Mar 2021, 18:28 UTC
+− cross-check
Satellites pass a few times a day and cloud or smoke can hide the fire: a lack of detections is not an official extinction. Each country’s emergency service declares a fire contained or out.
Start
satellite only23 Feb 2021
First day with fire seen by the satellites or the perimeter.
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus) · NASA FIRMS · VIIRS
- Date
- 23 Feb 2021
+− cross-check
No official record is matched to this page, so the alert time and the cause are not known here.
Hotspots
satellite only28
VIIRS detections at 375 m. Most intense hotspot: 66 MW.
- Source
- NASA FIRMS · VIIRS (Suomi NPP)
- Date
- 23 Feb 2021 – 11 Mar 2021
+− cross-check
There is no official record to compare with. Each hotspot is a pixel detected in one satellite pass, not a separate fire.
The worst day
satellite only181MW
Total radiative power on 5 March 2021; hotspots that day: 11.
- Source
- NASA FIRMS · VIIRS (FRP)
- Date
- 5 Mar 2021
+− cross-check
Fire radiative power (FRP) measures the energy the fire gives off when the satellite passes. Added up by day, it compares intensity, not area.
Danger at the start
model17.8FWI · moderate
Fire Weather Index (Canadian system) computed by WorldFires for the day the fire started. Consecutive days without rain before: 1.
- Source
- WorldFires calculation (Canadian FWI system)
- Date
- 23 Feb 2021, local noon
- Model
- ERA5 0,25° (ECMWF · Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com
+− cross-check
This is an index computed from weather model data, not a measurement of the fire nor an official warning. Danger warnings are issued by each country’s authority. Emergency number and official warnings
Weather during the fire
model33.6°C · 27% RH
High of 33.6 °C and minimum humidity of 27% on 11 March 2021; gusts of 46 km/h on 4 March 2021.
- Source
- weather model at the fire’s grid cell
- Date
- 23 Feb 2021 – 11 Mar 2021
- Model
- ERA5 0,25° (ECMWF · Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com
+− cross-check
These are model values for a cell of about 25 km, not from a weather station: they may differ from what was measured on the ground.
Living inside
model≈ 70people
Estimated residents inside the perimeter and 0.40 ha of built-up area (100 m grid, epoch 2020).
- Source
- GHSL R2023A · JRC
- Date
- calculated on 24 October 2026
+− cross-check
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned.
This page’s change log has been kept since 24 October 2026: every night what it publishes is compared and the difference is logged. Anything earlier is reconstructed from each source’s date and marked as reconstructed.
Show
-
· reconstructed weatherWeather and FWI computed from the ERA5 reanalysis
-
logLast day with fire: 6 March 2021 → 11 March 2021.
-
logStart date: 27 February 2021 → 23 February 2021.
-
· reconstructed GHSLPopulation and built-up area computed
What was saved on 26 October 2026
Every night a snapshot of what the page shows is saved. If anything changes, it appears in the list as a log entry.
- Area
- 1,035 ha
- Dates
- 23 Feb 2021 – 11 Mar 2021
- Name
- Pang Mapha
- Official record
- —
Versioned permanent link
https://worldfires.org/en/fire/pang-mapha-2021-02-2?v=2026-10-26A version keeps the area, dates, name and official record; the area as it was logged (changes under 2% are not logged). The map, hotspots and weather always show today’s data.
Citation
A lede of about 60 words figures only, no adjectives
CSV for this fire pang-mapha-2021-02-2.csv · daily, no individual hotspots
| fecha | focos_viirs | frp_mw | tmax_c | tmin_c | hr_min_pct | viento_max_kmh | racha_max_kmh | precip_mm | fwi | clase_fwi | dentro_del_incendio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021-02-23 | 0 | 0 | 32 | 18.7 | 38 | 7.9 | 25.6 | 0.2 | 17.8 | moderado | 1 |
| 2021-02-24 | 0 | 0 | 31.4 | 18.9 | 38 | 13.4 | 42.8 | 0 | 21.2 | moderado | 1 |
| 2021-02-25 | 0 | 0 | 32.2 | 15.8 | 28 | 12.5 | 39.2 | 0 | 25.2 | alto | 1 |
| 2021-02-26 | 1 | 51 | 31.7 | 16 | 24 | 12.7 | 38.9 | 0 | 27.9 | alto | 1 |
| 2021-02-27 | 1 | 1 | 30.1 | 13.5 | 30 | 10.1 | 32.8 | 0 | 26.7 | alto | 1 |
| 2021-02-28 | 0 | 0 | 31.4 | 16.6 | 28 | 10 | 31 | 0 | 27.2 | alto | 1 |
| 2021-03-01 | 3 | 11 | 32.7 | 16.5 | 26 | 8.4 | 26.6 | 0 | 26.6 | alto | 1 |
| 2021-03-02 | 2 | 11 | 32.7 | 17.3 | 20 | 11.6 | 36.7 | 0 | 31.8 | alto | 1 |
| 2021-03-03 | 0 | 0 | 32.4 | 15.5 | 29 | 14.3 | 45 | 0 | 33.9 | alto | 1 |
| 2021-03-04 | 4 | 8 | 33.1 | 17.8 | 23 | 14.5 | 45.7 | 0 | 34.7 | alto | 1 |
| 2021-03-05 | 11 | 181 | 32.7 | 16.6 | 18 | 13 | 41.4 | 0 | 35.7 | alto | 1 |
| 2021-03-06 | 4 | 11 | 32.4 | 13.6 | 17 | 10.5 | 34.6 | 0 | 34.6 | alto | 1 |
| 2021-03-07 | 0 | 0 | 32.8 | 13.1 | 18 | 10.2 | 32.4 | 0 | 34.9 | alto | 1 |
| 2021-03-08 | 0 | 0 | 32.8 | 13.6 | 21 | 10.8 | 33.8 | 0 | 36 | alto | 1 |
| 2021-03-09 | 0 | 0 | 33.5 | 14 | 21 | 8.3 | 25.6 | 0 | 34.4 | alto | 1 |
| 2021-03-10 | 1 | 2 | 33.1 | 14.1 | 27 | 9.5 | 32 | 0 | 34.4 | alto | 1 |
| 2021-03-11 | 1 | 2 | 33.6 | 14.8 | 27 | 7.6 | 25.2 | 0 | 33 | alto | 1 |
| 2021-03-12 | 0 | 0 | 34.2 | 16.6 | 26 | 8.2 | 27.4 | 0 | 34 | alto | 0 |
| 2021-03-13 | 0 | 0 | 35 | 16.1 | 21 | 5.1 | 18 | 0 | 31.9 | alto | 0 |
| 2021-03-14 | 0 | 0 | 33.4 | 18.7 | 31 | 9.8 | 32.4 | 0 | 33.6 | alto | 0 |
| 2021-03-15 | 0 | 0 | 34.7 | 18.7 | 26 | 10.7 | 34.2 | 0 | 34.7 | alto | 0 |
| 2021-03-16 | 0 | 0 | 35.2 | 17.9 | 22 | 9.7 | 31.3 | 0 | 35 | alto | 0 |
| 2021-03-17 | 0 | 0 | 35.8 | 18.2 | 23 | 9.7 | 31.3 | 0 | 35.3 | alto | 0 |
| 2021-03-18 | 0 | 0 | 35.8 | 19.4 | 25 | 8.7 | 28.8 | 0 | 34.8 | alto | 0 |
| 2021-03-19 | 0 | 0 | 36.2 | 21.4 | 26 | 10.2 | 34.2 | 0 | 36.5 | alto | 0 |
| 2021-03-20 | 0 | 0 | 36.9 | 21 | 23 | 11.1 | 37.4 | 0 | 37.6 | alto | 0 |
| 2021-03-21 | 0 | 0 | 37.9 | 20.8 | 21 | 9.8 | 31 | 0 | 38.2 | muy_alto | 0 |
It is generated in your browser from this page’s data: one file per fire, aggregated by day and without individual hotspots.
Live widget for your story
It updates itself while the fire is still active and links to this page. Free, with the attribution shown at the bottom.
Sources for this page: GWIS (Copernicus), NASA FIRMS (VIIRS), ERA5 (ECMWF/Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0), GHSL (JRC). Open-Meteo.com · How we build fire pages: methodology
- Burnt area
- 1,035ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 17days
- 23 Feb 2021 – 11 Mar 2021
- Municipalities hit
- 2
- districts
- Started on
- 23 Feb
- 2021
- Heat detections
- 28
- in a single hotspot: 66 MW
- Danger at start
- 18
- Moderate · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 31MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
HOTSPOTS BY DAY
23 Feb11 Mar
11 Mar 2021
How it evolved, day by day
26 Feb
1 Mar
5 Mar
11 Mar
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
34°high
46km/h · peak gust
17%lowest humidity
It had gone one day without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
99% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 725 ha in 2016, 1,045 ha in 2017, 461 ha in 2018, 753 ha in 2019, 869 ha in 2020. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 1,022 ha that had burned before.
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Bangkok boundary: geoBoundaries · OpenStreetMap, Wambacher · © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL 1.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
964 ha reached on 26 Feb0.9 %
-
Pai ปาย75 ha reached on 11 Mar0.0 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2020Built-up area0.40 ha
Residents≈ 70
Inside the perimeter there were about 0.40 hectares of built-up land and about 70 residents (GHSL 2020, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23 Feb | 32.0 °C | 38 % | 26 km/h | 0.2 mm | Moderate 18 |
| 24 Feb | 31.4 °C | 38 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 21 |
| 25 Feb | 32.2 °C | 28 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 25 |
| 26 Feb | 31.7 °C | 24 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 28 |
| 27 Feb | 30.1 °C | 30 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 27 |
| 28 Feb | 31.4 °C | 28 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 27 |
| 1 Mar | 32.7 °C | 26 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 27 |
| 2 Mar | 32.7 °C | 20 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 32 |
| 3 Mar | 32.4 °C | 29 % | 45 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 4 Mar | 33.1 °C | 23 % | 46 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 5 Mar | 32.7 °C | 18 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 36 |
| 6 Mar | 32.4 °C | 17 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 7 Mar | 32.8 °C | 18 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 8 Mar | 32.8 °C | 21 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 36 |
| 9 Mar | 33.5 °C | 21 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 10 Mar | 33.1 °C | 27 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 11 Mar | 33.6 °C | 27 % | 25 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 33 |
| 12 Mar after | 34.2 °C | 26 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 13 Mar after | 35.0 °C | 21 % | 18 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 32 |
| 14 Mar after | 33.4 °C | 31 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 15 Mar after | 34.7 °C | 26 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 16 Mar after | 35.2 °C | 22 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 17 Mar after | 35.8 °C | 23 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 18 Mar after | 35.8 °C | 25 % | 29 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 19 Mar after | 36.2 °C | 26 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 36 |
| 20 Mar after | 36.9 °C | 23 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 38 |
| 21 Mar after | 37.9 °C | 21 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 38 |
Its twins: fires that started in the same weather
It started with an FWI of 17.8, a minimum humidity of 38% and 1 day without rain. Fires in the area that started in weather like this since 2016: 35.
FWI at the start
17.8
Minimum humidity
38 %
Days without rain
1
this fire
chosen twins
rest of the area
Almost identicalSimilar
Outlines of the closest twins
This fire · Pang Mapha fire, February 2021
1,035 ha
17 days
FWI 17.8
Min. humidity 38 %
Shadaw fire, March 2023
18,468 ha
30 days
FWI 18.1
Min. humidity 39 %
69 km away, in 2023
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: 1.8 mm on 20 Apr.
Bawlake fire, March 2023
15,504 ha
30 days
FWI 16.8
Min. humidity 37 %
55 km away, in 2023
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
Mongton fire, March 2023
2,015 ha
11 days
FWI 18.4
Min. humidity 38 %
125 km away, in 2023
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
Mese fire, March 2016
14,348 ha
25 days
FWI 18.3
Min. humidity 37 %
92 km away, in 2016
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
Mae Sariang fire, March 2023
2,243 ha
9 days
FWI 17.9
Min. humidity 37 %
144 km away, in 2023
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
What happened to them
- 11 days
- median duration
- 2,300 ha
- median area
- 100 %
- went past 1,000 ha
- 2.4 mm
- rain at the end (median; 16 of 35 had it)
It stayed below its twins: 1,035 ha against a median of 2,300 ha. It lasted 17 days, against 11 days.
In 19 of 35, not even 1 mm fell in the ten days after the end: they went out without rain. In the rest, the first rainy day brought a median of 2.4 mm.
This is a bank of analogues: it shows what usually happens, not what will happen. With fewer than 15 twins we give no figures. How we calculate it
How it ended
—first rain
—no rain in ten days
46km/h · max. gust
It was considered over on 11 Mar, and not even 1 mm fell in the following ten days: it went out without rain. Twins with rain when they ended: 16 of 35, with a median of 2.4 mm.
Weather on this page: Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
How a twin is chosen
- Same area: fires that have already ended, less than 250 km from this one, since 2016.
- Same start: we compare the FWI on the first day, the minimum humidity that day and the run of days without rain before it. The slider sets how much they may differ.
- Only pages with final weather data (ERA5 reanalysis) calculated in the same way as this fire’s; agricultural and grass burns and pages with data under review are left out.
- Fires burning at the same time as this one (a week before or after) are left out: they share the same spell of weather and do not count as a precedent.
- They are sorted by similarity, and the outlines of the first five are drawn.
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
↔
Before · 16 Feb 2021
After · 18 Mar 2021
Sentinel-2 did not pass over on that day. Try another date, or use false colour, which is daily.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
Detections table · 28Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
⬇ Download CSV
Times in UTC. Each detection is a 375 m pixel: a large fire yields hundreds per pass.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Pang Mapha fire last?
- According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 23 February 2021 to 11 March 2021 (17 days). The perimeter dates it from 27 February 2021 to 6 March 2021.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 1,035 hectares (10.4 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire entered 2 municipalities: Pang Mapha (964 ha, 0.9 %); Pai (75 ha, 0.0 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 33.6 °C, humidity dropped to 17 % and gusts hit 46 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 36, class High.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Thailand (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
- How did the fires that started in similar weather in this area end?
- Fires less than 250 km away that started since 2016 with a similar FWI, humidity and dry spell: 35. Their median duration was 11 days and their median area 2,300 ha; 100 % went past 1,000 ha. In 19 of 35, not even 1 mm fell in the ten days after the end: they went out without rain. In the rest, the first rainy day brought a median of 2.4 mm.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 199 · 191 · Emergency number and official warnings
Satellite cross-check
History of this page · 2 Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
- Last day with fire: 6 March 2021 → 11 March 2021.
- Start date: 27 February 2021 → 23 February 2021.
RSS Changes to this page With cross-checks and a citable version
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 27 February 2021 to 6 March 2021. 28 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2020, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.