Nyirol fire, 31 December 2025 Nyirol
The fire started on 31 December 2025 in Nyirol, South Sudan, and satellites saw it burning for 28 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 29,157 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 15th largest in Jonglei since 2016 (of 428 with a page). Number 34 in South Sudan in 2025, of 293.
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Suggestions: Nyirol · 2025Nyirol · 2023Nyirol · 2024Nyirol · 2024
- Burnt area
- 29,157ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 28days
- 31 Dec 2025 – 27 Jan 2026
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- counties
- Started on
- 31 Dec
- 2025
- Heat detections
- 935
- in a single hotspot: 109 MW
- Danger at start
- 52
- Extreme · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 498MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone more than two months without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
98% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 2,391 ha in 2016, 3,995 ha in 2017, 5,239 ha in 2018, 3,189 ha in 2019, 1,175 ha in 2021, 4,390 ha in 2022, 14,657 ha in 2023, 20,169 ha in 2024, 19,146 ha in 2025. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 28,707 ha that had burned before.
- 6,313 ha Nyirol fire, March 2025 11,848 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 6,232 ha Nyirol fire, December 2023 23,462 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 5,267 ha Nyirol fire, January 2024 5,649 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 3,440 ha Nyirol fire, February 2024 5,095 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 2,861 ha Nyirol fire, April 2023 13,852 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,299 ha Nyirol fire, February 2022 47,573 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,211 ha Nyirol fire, January 2022 18,690 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 707 ha Nyirol fire, January 2025 8,411 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Nyirol where it started29,356 ha reached on 31 Dec4.1 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2025Inside the perimeter there was no noticeable built-up land and almost nobody lived there (GHSL 2025, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned. The GHSL 2025 epoch is a projection made from 2020 and earlier data.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 31 Dec | 34.3 °C | 14 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 1 Jan | 35.2 °C | 14 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 2 Jan | 34.8 °C | 16 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 3 Jan | 36.4 °C | 16 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 51 |
| 4 Jan | 36.1 °C | 19 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 55 |
| 5 Jan | 35.9 °C | 19 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 57 |
| 6 Jan | 37.1 °C | 19 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 56 |
| 7 Jan | 36.6 °C | 20 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 54 |
| 8 Jan | 37.3 °C | 17 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 54 |
| 9 Jan | 38.1 °C | 17 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 58 |
| 10 Jan | 36.1 °C | 15 % | 44 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 61 |
| 11 Jan | 36.1 °C | 18 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 59 |
| 12 Jan | 36.2 °C | 20 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 55 |
| 13 Jan | 37.1 °C | 19 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 59 |
| 14 Jan | 36.2 °C | 20 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 60 |
| 15 Jan | 35.6 °C | 23 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 56 |
| 16 Jan | 34.0 °C | 20 % | 44 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 58 |
| 17 Jan | 35.3 °C | 18 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 55 |
| 18 Jan | 36.7 °C | 18 % | 44 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 58 |
| 19 Jan | 37.2 °C | 17 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 58 |
| 20 Jan | 38.5 °C | 18 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 53 |
| 21 Jan | 38.1 °C | 19 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 22 Jan | 38.2 °C | 15 % | 18 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
| 23 Jan | 38.0 °C | 16 % | 19 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
| 24 Jan | 39.4 °C | 12 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 25 Jan | 40.5 °C | 10 % | 48 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very extreme 71 |
| 26 Jan | 39.7 °C | 13 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 65 |
| 27 Jan | 39.3 °C | 12 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 66 |
| 28 Jan after | 37.7 °C | 14 % | 45 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 68 |
| 29 Jan after | 38.2 °C | 15 % | 44 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 68 |
| 30 Jan after | 38.4 °C | 18 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 63 |
| 31 Jan after | 38.0 °C | 14 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 64 |
| 1 Feb after | 36.3 °C | 12 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 61 |
| 2 Feb after | 37.9 °C | 18 % | 20 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 3 Feb after | 39.0 °C | 13 % | 44 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 64 |
| 4 Feb after | 39.8 °C | 14 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 60 |
| 5 Feb after | 34.6 °C | 18 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 57 |
| 6 Feb after | 37.6 °C | 15 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 45 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 20 January 2026 the air beside the fire reached 69 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 36: 2.4 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 935Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Nyirol fire last?
- According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 31 December 2025 to 27 January 2026 (28 days). The perimeter dates it from 6 January 2026 to 20 January 2026.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 29,157 hectares (291.6 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Nyirol (29,356 ha, 4.1 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 40.5 °C, humidity dropped to 10 % and gusts hit 48 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 71, class Very extreme.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of South Sudan (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Satellite cross-check
History of this page · 2 Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
- Last day with fire: 20 January 2026 → 27 January 2026.
- Start date: 6 January 2026 → 31 December 2025.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 6 January 2026 to 20 January 2026. 935 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2025, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.