Burned area
satellite only2,931ha
Perimeter published by GWIS (Copernicus).
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus)
- Date
- 23 Dec 2020 – 27 Dec 2020
+− cross-check
No official record is matched to this page to compare it with.
GH · Ghana · –
North Gonja fire, 23 December 2020 North Gonja
Out · last detection 27 Dec 2020, 14:09 UTC
The fire started on 23 December 2020 in North Gonja, Ghana, and satellites saw it burning for 5 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 2,931 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 93th largest in Savannah since 2016 (of 242 with a page). Number 47 in Ghana in 2020, of 111.
Use this data
Compare with…
Use this data
Fire page data · version 2026-10-24matches the official recordwith caveatssatellite onlymodel
When copying, the sentence is
Tick the figures you want: they make up the lede and the CSV.
Duration by satellite
satellite only5days
23 Dec 2020 to 27 Dec 2020: first and last day with fire on the page.
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus) · NASA FIRMS · VIIRS
- Date
- last detection: 27 Dec 2020, 14:09 UTC
+− cross-check
Satellites pass a few times a day and cloud or smoke can hide the fire: a lack of detections is not an official extinction. Each country’s emergency service declares a fire contained or out.
Start
satellite only23 Dec 2020
First day with fire seen by the satellites or the perimeter.
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus) · NASA FIRMS · VIIRS
- Date
- 23 Dec 2020
+− cross-check
No official record is matched to this page, so the alert time and the cause are not known here.
Hotspots
satellite only77
VIIRS detections at 375 m. Most intense hotspot: 66 MW.
- Source
- NASA FIRMS · VIIRS (Suomi NPP)
- Date
- 23 Dec 2020 – 27 Dec 2020
+− cross-check
There is no official record to compare with. Each hotspot is a pixel detected in one satellite pass, not a separate fire.
The worst day
satellite only301MW
Total radiative power on 23 December 2020; hotspots that day: 7.
- Source
- NASA FIRMS · VIIRS (FRP)
- Date
- 23 Dec 2020
+− cross-check
Fire radiative power (FRP) measures the energy the fire gives off when the satellite passes. Added up by day, it compares intensity, not area.
Danger at the start
model38.0FWI · very high
Fire Weather Index (Canadian system) computed by WorldFires for the day the fire started. Consecutive days without rain before: 60.
- Source
- WorldFires calculation (Canadian FWI system)
- Date
- 23 Dec 2020, local noon
- Model
- ERA5 0,25° (ECMWF · Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com
+− cross-check
This is an index computed from weather model data, not a measurement of the fire nor an official warning. Danger warnings are issued by each country’s authority. Emergency number and official warnings
Weather during the fire
model35.4°C · 22% RH
High of 35.4 °C and minimum humidity of 22% on 24 December 2020; gusts of 35 km/h on 25 December 2020.
- Source
- weather model at the fire’s grid cell
- Date
- 23 Dec 2020 – 27 Dec 2020
- Model
- ERA5 0,25° (ECMWF · Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com
+− cross-check
These are model values for a cell of about 25 km, not from a weather station: they may differ from what was measured on the ground.
This page’s change log has been kept since 24 October 2026: every night what it publishes is compared and the difference is logged. Anything earlier is reconstructed from each source’s date and marked as reconstructed.
Show
-
· reconstructed GHSLPopulation and built-up area computed
-
· reconstructed weatherWeather and FWI computed from the ERA5 reanalysis
What was saved on 24 October 2026
Every night a snapshot of what the page shows is saved. If anything changes, it appears in the list as a log entry.
- Area
- 2,931 ha
- Dates
- 23 Dec 2020 – 27 Dec 2020
- Name
- North Gonja
- Official record
- —
Versioned permanent link
https://worldfires.org/en/fire/north-gonja-2020-12-2?v=2026-10-24A version keeps the area, dates, name and official record; the area as it was logged (changes under 2% are not logged). The map, hotspots and weather always show today’s data.
Citation
A lede of about 60 words figures only, no adjectives
CSV for this fire north-gonja-2020-12-2.csv · daily, no individual hotspots
| fecha | focos_viirs | frp_mw | tmax_c | tmin_c | hr_min_pct | viento_max_kmh | racha_max_kmh | precip_mm | fwi | clase_fwi | dentro_del_incendio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-12-23 | 7 | 301 | 35.3 | 20.1 | 20 | 10.8 | 28.1 | 0 | 38 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2020-12-24 | 33 | 120 | 35.4 | 21.2 | 22 | 10.2 | 27 | 0 | 37.8 | alto | 1 |
| 2020-12-25 | 21 | 114 | 35.1 | 22.4 | 22 | 14.8 | 35.3 | 0 | 42.4 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2020-12-26 | 11 | 17 | 34.3 | 22 | 19 | 14.5 | 33.8 | 0 | 42.5 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2020-12-27 | 5 | 65 | 34.6 | 20.1 | 17 | 13.5 | 33.1 | 0 | 42.8 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2020-12-28 | 0 | 0 | 33.7 | 19.8 | 21 | 13.5 | 32.8 | 0 | 43.1 | muy_alto | 0 |
| 2020-12-29 | 0 | 0 | 34.1 | 19.5 | 19 | 12 | 30.6 | 0 | 41.9 | muy_alto | 0 |
| 2020-12-30 | 0 | 0 | 35.4 | 20.3 | 19 | 12 | 30.6 | 0 | 42.2 | muy_alto | 0 |
| 2020-12-31 | 0 | 0 | 35.5 | 21.2 | 19 | 9.5 | 23.8 | 0 | 40.1 | muy_alto | 0 |
| 2021-01-01 | 0 | 0 | 36.7 | 19.1 | 18 | 8.7 | 24.5 | 0 | 39.6 | muy_alto | 0 |
| 2021-01-02 | 0 | 0 | 37 | 20.1 | 26 | 8.8 | 21.2 | 0 | 39.5 | muy_alto | 0 |
| 2021-01-03 | 0 | 0 | 37.2 | 20.6 | 33 | 10.2 | 27 | 0 | 36.9 | alto | 0 |
| 2021-01-04 | 0 | 0 | 36.8 | 23.6 | 30 | 12.6 | 30.6 | 0 | 39.4 | muy_alto | 0 |
| 2021-01-05 | 0 | 0 | 36.6 | 22.8 | 26 | 13.6 | 31 | 0 | 40.6 | muy_alto | 0 |
| 2021-01-06 | 0 | 0 | 36.8 | 21.3 | 17 | 13.9 | 32.4 | 0 | 45.4 | muy_alto | 0 |
It is generated in your browser from this page’s data: one file per fire, aggregated by day and without individual hotspots.
Live widget for your story
It updates itself while the fire is still active and links to this page. Free, with the attribution shown at the bottom.
Sources for this page: GWIS (Copernicus), NASA FIRMS (VIIRS), ERA5 (ECMWF/Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0), GHSL (JRC). Open-Meteo.com · How we build fire pages: methodology
- Burnt area
- 2,931ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 5days
- 23 Dec 2020 – 27 Dec 2020
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- districts
- Started on
- 23 Dec
- 2020
- Heat detections
- 77
- in a single hotspot: 66 MW
- Danger at start
- 38
- Very high · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 123MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
HOTSPOTS BY DAY
23 Dec27 Dec
27 Dec 2020
How it evolved, day by day
23 Dec
24 Dec
25 Dec
26 Dec
27 Dec
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
35°high
35km/h · peak gust
17%lowest humidity
It had gone more than two months without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
87% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 1,658 ha in 2016, 990 ha in 2017, 629 ha in 2019. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 2,552 ha that had burned before.
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
North Gonja where it started2,949 ha reached on 23 Dec0.6 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2020Built-up area< 0.1 ha
Residents< 20
Inside the perimeter there was no noticeable built-up land and almost nobody lived there (GHSL 2020, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
Started with 60 days without rain: 16 % of the area in Ghana
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23 Dec | 35.3 °C | 20 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 38 |
| 24 Dec | 35.4 °C | 22 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 38 |
| 25 Dec | 35.1 °C | 22 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
| 26 Dec | 34.3 °C | 19 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
| 27 Dec | 34.6 °C | 17 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 43 |
| 28 Dec after | 33.7 °C | 21 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 43 |
| 29 Dec after | 34.1 °C | 19 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
| 30 Dec after | 35.4 °C | 19 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
| 31 Dec after | 35.5 °C | 19 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 1 Jan after | 36.7 °C | 18 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 2 Jan after | 37.0 °C | 26 % | 21 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 3 Jan after | 37.2 °C | 33 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 37 |
| 4 Jan after | 36.8 °C | 30 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 39 |
| 5 Jan after | 36.6 °C | 26 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 41 |
| 6 Jan after | 36.8 °C | 17 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 45 |
Its twins: fires that started in the same weather
It started with an FWI of 38.0, a minimum humidity of 20% and more than two months without rain. Fires in the area that started in weather like this since 2016: 19.
FWI at the start
38.0
Minimum humidity
20 %
Days without rain
60+
this fire
chosen twins
rest of the area
Almost identicalSimilar
Outlines of the closest twins
This fire · North Gonja fire, 23 December 2020
2,931 ha
5 days
FWI 38.0
Min. humidity 20 %
Kumbungu fire, December 2024
11,190 ha
18 days
FWI 41.9
Min. humidity 20 %
72 km away, in 2024
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
West Gonja fire, January 2020
3,405 ha
6 days
FWI 41.0
Min. humidity 21 %
29 km away, in 2020
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
Savelugu fire, January 2021
2,720 ha
16 days
FWI 41.9
Min. humidity 20 %
86 km away, in 2021
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
Central Gonja fire, December 2017
3,770 ha
10 days
FWI 40.6
Min. humidity 21 %
102 km away, in 2017
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
Kumbungu fire, December 2022
4,386 ha
23 days
FWI 36.9
Min. humidity 21 %
74 km away, in 2022
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
What happened to them
- 10 days
- median duration
- 2,737 ha
- median area
- 100 %
- went past 1,000 ha
- —
- rain at the end (median; 0 of 19 had it)
It burned an area similar to its twins (2,931 ha against a median of 2,737 ha) and lasted 5 days, against 10 days.
In none of them did 1 mm fall in the ten days after the end: they all went out without rain.
This is a bank of analogues: it shows what usually happens, not what will happen. With fewer than 15 twins we give no figures. How we calculate it
How it ended
—first rain
—no rain in ten days
35km/h · max. gust
It was considered over on 27 Dec, and not even 1 mm fell in the following ten days: it went out without rain. None of its 19 twins had rain when they ended.
Weather on this page: Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
How a twin is chosen
- Same area: fires that have already ended, less than 250 km from this one, since 2016.
- Same start: we compare the FWI on the first day, the minimum humidity that day and the run of days without rain before it. The slider sets how much they may differ.
- Only pages with final weather data (ERA5 reanalysis) calculated in the same way as this fire’s; agricultural and grass burns and pages with data under review are left out.
- Fires burning at the same time as this one (a week before or after) are left out: they share the same spell of weather and do not count as a precedent.
- They are sorted by similarity, and the outlines of the first five are drawn.
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
↔
Before · 16 Dec 2020
After · 3 Jan 2021
Sentinel-2 did not pass over on that day. Try another date, or use false colour, which is daily.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
Detections table · 77Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
⬇ Download CSV
Times in UTC. Each detection is a 375 m pixel: a large fire yields hundreds per pass.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the North Gonja fire last?
- GWIS (Copernicus) dates it between 23 December 2020 and 27 December 2020: 5 days between the first and last heat detection of the perimeter.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 2,931 hectares (29.3 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered North Gonja (2,949 ha, 0.6 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 35.4 °C, humidity dropped to 17 % and gusts hit 35 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 43, class Very high.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Ghana (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
- How did the fires that started in similar weather in this area end?
- Fires less than 250 km away that started since 2016 with a similar FWI, humidity and dry spell: 19. Their median duration was 10 days and their median area 2,737 ha; 100 % went past 1,000 ha. In none of them did 1 mm fall in the ten days after the end: they all went out without rain.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 112 · Emergency number and official warnings
Satellite cross-check
History of this page Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
No changes since 24 October 2026.
RSS Changes to this page With cross-checks and a citable version
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates from the perimeter: the VIIRS detections inside it did not change them. 77 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2020, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.