Burned area
satellite only1,327ha
Perimeter published by GWIS (Copernicus).
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus)
- Date
- 12 Oct 2022 – 17 Oct 2022
+− cross-check
No official record is matched to this page to compare it with.
MW · Malawi · –
Nkhata Bay fire, 12 October 2022 Nkhata Bay
Out · last detection 16 Oct 2022, 22:52 UTC
The fire started on 12 October 2022 in Nkhata Bay, Malawi, and satellites saw it burning for 6 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 1,327 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 181th largest in Northern Region since 2016 (of 321 with a page). Number 31 in Malawi in 2022, of 57.
Use this data
Compare with…
Use this data
Fire page data · version 2026-10-27matches the official recordwith caveatssatellite onlymodel
When copying, the sentence is
Tick the figures you want: they make up the lede and the CSV.
Duration by satellite
satellite only6days
12 Oct 2022 to 17 Oct 2022: first and last day with fire on the page.
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus) · NASA FIRMS · VIIRS
- Date
- last detection: 16 Oct 2022, 22:52 UTC
+− cross-check
Satellites pass a few times a day and cloud or smoke can hide the fire: a lack of detections is not an official extinction. Each country’s emergency service declares a fire contained or out.
Start
satellite only12 Oct 2022
First day with fire seen by the satellites or the perimeter.
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus) · NASA FIRMS · VIIRS
- Date
- 12 Oct 2022
+− cross-check
No official record is matched to this page, so the alert time and the cause are not known here.
Hotspots
satellite only36
VIIRS detections at 375 m. Most intense hotspot: 45 MW.
- Source
- NASA FIRMS · VIIRS (Suomi NPP)
- Date
- 12 Oct 2022 – 17 Oct 2022
+− cross-check
There is no official record to compare with. Each hotspot is a pixel detected in one satellite pass, not a separate fire.
The worst day
satellite only102MW
Total radiative power on 14 October 2022; hotspots that day: 14.
- Source
- NASA FIRMS · VIIRS (FRP)
- Date
- 14 Oct 2022
+− cross-check
Fire radiative power (FRP) measures the energy the fire gives off when the satellite passes. Added up by day, it compares intensity, not area.
Danger at the start
model37.9FWI · high
Fire Weather Index (Canadian system) computed by WorldFires for the day the fire started. Consecutive days without rain before: 25.
- Source
- WorldFires calculation (Canadian FWI system)
- Date
- 12 Oct 2022, local noon
- Model
- ERA5 0,25° (ECMWF · Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com
+− cross-check
This is an index computed from weather model data, not a measurement of the fire nor an official warning. Danger warnings are issued by each country’s authority. Emergency number and official warnings
Weather during the fire
model25.5°C · 28% RH
High of 25.5 °C and minimum humidity of 28% on 15 October 2022; gusts of 64 km/h on 12 October 2022.
- Source
- weather model at the fire’s grid cell
- Date
- 12 Oct 2022 – 17 Oct 2022
- Model
- ERA5 0,25° (ECMWF · Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com
+− cross-check
These are model values for a cell of about 25 km, not from a weather station: they may differ from what was measured on the ground.
This page’s change log has been kept since 24 October 2026: every night what it publishes is compared and the difference is logged. Anything earlier is reconstructed from each source’s date and marked as reconstructed.
Show
-
· reconstructed weatherWeather and FWI computed from the ERA5 reanalysis
-
logLast day with fire: 16 October 2022 → 17 October 2022.
-
· reconstructed GHSLPopulation and built-up area computed
What was saved on 27 October 2026
Every night a snapshot of what the page shows is saved. If anything changes, it appears in the list as a log entry.
- Area
- 1,327 ha
- Dates
- 12 Oct 2022 – 17 Oct 2022
- Name
- Nkhata Bay
- Official record
- —
Versioned permanent link
https://worldfires.org/en/fire/nkhata-bay-2022-10-2?v=2026-10-27A version keeps the area, dates, name and official record; the area as it was logged (changes under 2% are not logged). The map, hotspots and weather always show today’s data.
Citation
A lede of about 60 words figures only, no adjectives
CSV for this fire nkhata-bay-2022-10-2.csv · daily, no individual hotspots
| fecha | focos_viirs | frp_mw | tmax_c | tmin_c | hr_min_pct | viento_max_kmh | racha_max_kmh | precip_mm | fwi | clase_fwi | dentro_del_incendio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-10-12 | 4 | 4 | 23.4 | 15.3 | 30 | 27.8 | 64.1 | 0 | 37.9 | alto | 1 |
| 2022-10-13 | 7 | 31 | 25.1 | 14.9 | 27 | 24.6 | 58.7 | 0 | 35.6 | alto | 1 |
| 2022-10-14 | 14 | 102 | 25.1 | 14.1 | 20 | 23.2 | 55.4 | 0 | 38.1 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2022-10-15 | 3 | 75 | 25.5 | 13.6 | 28 | 22.3 | 52.6 | 0 | 37.8 | alto | 1 |
| 2022-10-16 | 8 | 51 | 24.8 | 14.1 | 31 | 19.7 | 49 | 0 | 34.4 | alto | 1 |
| 2022-10-17 | 0 | 0 | 24.8 | 15.2 | 29 | 20.4 | 49.7 | 0 | 35.4 | alto | 1 |
| 2022-10-18 | 0 | 0 | 25.2 | 14.8 | 32 | 21.4 | 52.6 | 0 | 35.8 | alto | 0 |
| 2022-10-19 | 0 | 0 | 25.7 | 14.3 | 35 | 20.6 | 50 | 0 | 34 | alto | 0 |
| 2022-10-20 | 0 | 0 | 24.9 | 15.2 | 35 | 23.1 | 55.1 | 0 | 35.7 | alto | 0 |
| 2022-10-21 | 0 | 0 | 25.4 | 14.8 | 31 | 20.4 | 50 | 0 | 33.8 | alto | 0 |
| 2022-10-22 | 0 | 0 | 25.5 | 15.4 | 36 | 20.9 | 50.8 | 0 | 34 | alto | 0 |
| 2022-10-23 | 0 | 0 | 25.7 | 16.8 | 39 | 19.1 | 45.7 | 0.6 | 26.5 | alto | 0 |
| 2022-10-24 | 0 | 0 | 26.6 | 16 | 37 | 17.1 | 42.5 | 1.1 | 20.4 | moderado | 0 |
It is generated in your browser from this page’s data: one file per fire, aggregated by day and without individual hotspots.
Live widget for your story
It updates itself while the fire is still active and links to this page. Free, with the attribution shown at the bottom.
Sources for this page: GWIS (Copernicus), NASA FIRMS (VIIRS), ERA5 (ECMWF/Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0), GHSL (JRC). Open-Meteo.com · How we build fire pages: methodology
- Burnt area
- 1,327ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 6days
- 12 Oct 2022 – 17 Oct 2022
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- districts
- Started on
- 12 Oct
- 2022
- Heat detections
- 36
- in a single hotspot: 45 MW
- Danger at start
- 38
- High · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 53MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
HOTSPOTS BY DAY
12 Oct17 Oct
16 Oct 2022
How it evolved, day by day
12 Oct
13 Oct
14 Oct
15 Oct
16 Oct
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
26°high
64km/h · peak gust
20%lowest humidity
It had gone 25 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started. Rain came after the fire: 1.1 mm on 24 Oct.
This area had burned before
95% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 865 ha in 2016, 892 ha in 2017, 21 ha in 2018, 582 ha in 2021. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 1,264 ha that had burned before.
- 865 ha Nkhata Bay fire, September 2016 67,094 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 772 ha Nkhata Bay fire, October 2017 1,225 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 582 ha Nkhata Bay fire, October 2021 7,044 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 120 ha Nkhata Bay fire, October 2017 1,219 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 21 ha Nkhata Bay fire, October 2018 1,767 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Nkhata Bay where it started1,335 ha reached on 12 Oct0.3 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2020Built-up area< 0.1 ha
Residents< 20
Inside the perimeter there was no noticeable built-up land and almost nobody lived there (GHSL 2020, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
Started with Strong wind: 13 % of the area in Malawi
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 Oct | 23.4 °C | 30 % | 64 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 38 |
| 13 Oct | 25.1 °C | 27 % | 59 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 36 |
| 14 Oct | 25.1 °C | 20 % | 55 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 38 |
| 15 Oct | 25.5 °C | 28 % | 53 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 38 |
| 16 Oct | 24.8 °C | 31 % | 49 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 17 Oct | 24.8 °C | 29 % | 50 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 18 Oct after | 25.2 °C | 32 % | 53 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 36 |
| 19 Oct after | 25.7 °C | 35 % | 50 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 20 Oct after | 24.9 °C | 35 % | 55 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 36 |
| 21 Oct after | 25.4 °C | 31 % | 50 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 22 Oct after | 25.5 °C | 36 % | 51 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 23 Oct after | 25.7 °C | 39 % | 46 km/h | 0.6 mm | High 26 |
| 24 Oct after | 26.6 °C | 37 % | 42 km/h | 1.1 mm | Moderate 20 |
Its twins: fires that started in the same weather
It started with an FWI of 37.9, a minimum humidity of 30% and 25 days without rain. Fires in the area that started in weather like this since 2016: 24.
FWI at the start
37.9
Minimum humidity
30 %
Days without rain
25
this fire
chosen twins
rest of the area
Almost identicalSimilar
Outlines of the closest twins
This fire · Nkhata Bay fire, 12 October 2022
1,327 ha
6 days
FWI 37.9
Min. humidity 30 %
Nkhotakota fire, October 2018
1,592 ha
10 days
FWI 32.1
Min. humidity 31 %
141 km away, in 2018
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: 1.1 mm on 19 Oct.
Nkhata Bay fire, October 2022
1,326 ha
10 days
FWI 30.8
Min. humidity 30 %
59 km away, in 2022
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: 3.0 mm on 11 Nov.
Nkhotakota fire, October 2016
1,147 ha
5 days
FWI 38.0
Min. humidity 32 %
162 km away, in 2016
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
Nkhotakota fire, October 2016
4,447 ha
14 days
FWI 36.9
Min. humidity 32 %
140 km away, in 2016
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
Karonga fire, October 2016
1,373 ha
10 days
FWI 38.5
Min. humidity 29 %
197 km away, in 2016
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: 1.0 mm on 31 Oct.
What happened to them
- 8 days
- median duration
- 1,402 ha
- median area
- 100 %
- went past 1,000 ha
- 2.0 mm
- rain at the end (median; 15 of 24 had it)
It burned an area similar to its twins (1,327 ha against a median of 1,402 ha) and lasted 6 days, against 8 days.
In 9 of 24, not even 1 mm fell in the ten days after the end: they went out without rain. In the rest, the first rainy day brought a median of 2.0 mm.
This is a bank of analogues: it shows what usually happens, not what will happen. With fewer than 15 twins we give no figures. How we calculate it
How it ended
1.1 mmfirst rain
24 Oct7 days after it ended
64km/h · max. gust
It was considered over on 17 Oct, and on 24 Oct 1.1 mm fell. We do not know whether the rain or the firefighters put it out. Twins with rain when they ended: 15 of 24, with a median of 2.0 mm.
Weather on this page: Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
How a twin is chosen
- Same area: fires that have already ended, less than 250 km from this one, since 2016.
- Same start: we compare the FWI on the first day, the minimum humidity that day and the run of days without rain before it. The slider sets how much they may differ.
- Only pages with final weather data (ERA5 reanalysis) calculated in the same way as this fire’s; agricultural and grass burns and pages with data under review are left out.
- Fires burning at the same time as this one (a week before or after) are left out: they share the same spell of weather and do not count as a precedent.
- They are sorted by similarity, and the outlines of the first five are drawn.
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
↔
Before · 5 Oct 2022
After · 24 Oct 2022
Sentinel-2 did not pass over on that day. Try another date, or use false colour, which is daily.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 18 October 2022 the air beside the fire reached 50 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 34: 2.3 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
PM2.5 peak50 µg/m³
Days over the guideline8 days
PM1072 µg/m³
Optical depth1.00
WHO 15
10 Oct12 Oct14 Oct16 Oct18 Oct
Good
Fair
Moderate
Poor
Very poor
Extremely poor
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 36Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
⬇ Download CSV
Times in UTC. Each detection is a 375 m pixel: a large fire yields hundreds per pass.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 67,094 haNkhata Bay17 September 2016 · 71 days · 8 km away
- 24,534 haNkhata Bay 6 October 2026 · 38 days · 8 km away
- 28,559 haNkhata Bay5 October 2022 · 45 days · 17 km away
- 63,796 haNkhata Bay18 October 2024 · 22 days · 29 km away
- 62,151 haNkhata Bay2 October 2023 · 31 days · 30 km away
- 20,557 haNkhata Bay16 October 2020 · 22 days · 33 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Nkhata Bay fire last?
- According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 12 October 2022 to 17 October 2022 (6 days). The perimeter dates it from 12 October 2022 to 16 October 2022.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 1,327 hectares (13.3 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Nkhata Bay (1,335 ha, 0.3 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 25.5 °C, humidity dropped to 20 % and gusts hit 64 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 38, class Very high.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Malawi (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
- How did the fires that started in similar weather in this area end?
- Fires less than 250 km away that started since 2016 with a similar FWI, humidity and dry spell: 24. Their median duration was 8 days and their median area 1,402 ha; 100 % went past 1,000 ha. In 9 of 24, not even 1 mm fell in the ten days after the end: they went out without rain. In the rest, the first rainy day brought a median of 2.0 mm.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Satellite cross-check
History of this page · 1 Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
- Last day with fire: 16 October 2022 → 17 October 2022.
RSS Changes to this page With cross-checks and a citable version
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 12 October 2022 to 16 October 2022. 36 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2020, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.