Burned area
satellite only6,817ha
Perimeter published by GWIS (Copernicus).
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus)
- Date
- 3 Feb 2023 – 24 Feb 2023
+− cross-check
No official record is matched to this page to compare it with.
CM · Cameroon · –
Ngambé-Tikar fire, 3 February 2023 Ngambé-Tikar
Out · last detection 24 Feb 2023, 01:32 UTC
The fire started on 3 February 2023 in Ngambé-Tikar, Cameroon, and satellites saw it burning for 22 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 6,817 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 15th largest in Centre since 2016 (of 178 with a page). Number 8 in Cameroon in 2023, of 270.
Use this data
Compare with…
Use this data
Fire page data · version 2026-10-27matches the official recordwith caveatssatellite onlymodel
When copying, the sentence is
Tick the figures you want: they make up the lede and the CSV.
Duration by satellite
satellite only22days
3 Feb 2023 to 24 Feb 2023: first and last day with fire on the page.
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus) · NASA FIRMS · VIIRS
- Date
- last detection: 24 Feb 2023, 01:32 UTC
+− cross-check
Satellites pass a few times a day and cloud or smoke can hide the fire: a lack of detections is not an official extinction. Each country’s emergency service declares a fire contained or out.
Start
satellite only3 Feb 2023
First day with fire seen by the satellites or the perimeter.
- Source
- GWIS (Copernicus) · NASA FIRMS · VIIRS
- Date
- 3 Feb 2023
+− cross-check
No official record is matched to this page, so the alert time and the cause are not known here.
The worst day
satellite only796MW
Total radiative power on 18 February 2023; hotspots that day: 95.
- Source
- NASA FIRMS · VIIRS (FRP)
- Date
- 18 Feb 2023
+− cross-check
Fire radiative power (FRP) measures the energy the fire gives off when the satellite passes. Added up by day, it compares intensity, not area.
Danger at the start
model45.7FWI · very high
Fire Weather Index (Canadian system) computed by WorldFires for the day the fire started. Consecutive days without rain before: 60.
- Source
- WorldFires calculation (Canadian FWI system)
- Date
- 3 Feb 2023, local noon
- Model
- ERA5 0,25° (ECMWF · Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com
+− cross-check
This is an index computed from weather model data, not a measurement of the fire nor an official warning. Danger warnings are issued by each country’s authority. Emergency number and official warnings
Weather during the fire
model37.8°C · 7% RH
High of 37.8 °C and minimum humidity of 7% on 5 February 2023; gusts of 34 km/h on 3 February 2023.
- Source
- weather model at the fire’s grid cell
- Date
- 3 Feb 2023 – 24 Feb 2023
- Model
- ERA5 0,25° (ECMWF · Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com
+− cross-check
These are model values for a cell of about 25 km, not from a weather station: they may differ from what was measured on the ground.
Living inside
model≈ 30people
Estimated residents inside the perimeter and 0.23 ha of built-up area (100 m grid, epoch 2025).
- Source
- GHSL R2023A · JRC
- Date
- calculated on 24 October 2026
+− cross-check
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned.
This page’s change log has been kept since 24 October 2026: every night what it publishes is compared and the difference is logged. Anything earlier is reconstructed from each source’s date and marked as reconstructed.
Show
-
· reconstructed weatherWeather and FWI computed from the ERA5 reanalysis
-
logLast day with fire: 3 March 2023 → 24 February 2023.
-
logStart date: 27 January 2023 → 3 February 2023.
-
logLast day with fire: 24 February 2023 → 3 March 2023.
-
logStart date: 3 February 2023 → 27 January 2023.
-
· reconstructed GHSLPopulation and built-up area computed
Area logged each night
Move the slider to see which area the page published each day.
Versioned permanent link
https://worldfires.org/en/fire/ngambe-tikar-2023-02-3?v=2026-10-27A version keeps the area, dates, name and official record; the area as it was logged (changes under 2% are not logged). The map, hotspots and weather always show today’s data.
Citation
A lede of about 60 words figures only, no adjectives
CSV for this fire ngambe-tikar-2023-02-3.csv · daily, no individual hotspots
| fecha | focos_viirs | frp_mw | tmax_c | tmin_c | hr_min_pct | viento_max_kmh | racha_max_kmh | precip_mm | fwi | clase_fwi | dentro_del_incendio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-02-03 | 8 | 135 | 37.2 | 20 | 15 | 11.6 | 33.5 | 0 | 45.7 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2023-02-04 | 10 | 39 | 37.2 | 21.5 | 13 | 10.4 | 31 | 0 | 46.2 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2023-02-05 | 8 | 38 | 37.8 | 19.8 | 7 | 11.2 | 28.1 | 0 | 53 | extremo | 1 |
| 2023-02-06 | 21 | 214 | 35.7 | 20 | 17 | 11.7 | 24.5 | 0 | 50.1 | extremo | 1 |
| 2023-02-07 | 48 | 604 | 35.5 | 21.1 | 13 | 8.7 | 25.2 | 0 | 47 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2023-02-08 | 41 | 385 | 36.7 | 21 | 14 | 9.8 | 24.8 | 0 | 48.5 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2023-02-09 | 22 | 96 | 35.2 | 20.7 | 16 | 10.5 | 23.4 | 0 | 48.7 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2023-02-10 | 27 | 290 | 36.8 | 20.3 | 10 | 10.1 | 28.8 | 0 | 48.6 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2023-02-11 | 88 | 725 | 36.3 | 19.8 | 11 | 7.4 | 26.3 | 0 | 45.9 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2023-02-12 | 61 | 479 | 37.4 | 18.6 | 13 | 7.6 | 25.9 | 0 | 46.3 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2023-02-13 | 20 | 168 | 35.7 | 18.5 | 13 | 9.7 | 27.4 | 0 | 48.9 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2023-02-14 | 15 | 16 | 35.6 | 19.8 | 14 | 12.9 | 22.7 | 0 | 52.9 | extremo | 1 |
| 2023-02-15 | 26 | 79 | 34.7 | 18.1 | 15 | 6.8 | 19.8 | 0 | 45.3 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2023-02-16 | 24 | 58 | 33.5 | 19.7 | 20 | 10.8 | 22 | 0 | 45.7 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2023-02-17 | 31 | 373 | 34.8 | 18.9 | 14 | 11.2 | 26.3 | 0 | 46.3 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2023-02-18 | 95 | 796 | 35 | 20.1 | 17 | 12.3 | 32 | 0 | 47.7 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2023-02-19 | 81 | 551 | 35.1 | 18.4 | 20 | 11.6 | 24.5 | 0 | 46.7 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2023-02-20 | 41 | 123 | 35.5 | 19.6 | 18 | 8.5 | 19.1 | 0 | 43.6 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2023-02-21 | 71 | 538 | 36.4 | 20.5 | 17 | 8.4 | 21.6 | 0 | 43.7 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2023-02-22 | 29 | 60 | 35.7 | 20.7 | 25 | 10.7 | 20.9 | 0 | 42.9 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2023-02-23 | 29 | 415 | 35.9 | 21.2 | 19 | 10.8 | 23.4 | 0 | 43.2 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2023-02-24 | 3 | 3 | 35.8 | 20.2 | 23 | 7.6 | 20.5 | 0 | 40.3 | muy_alto | 1 |
| 2023-02-25 | 0 | 0 | 35.7 | 20.8 | 21 | 8.7 | 21.6 | 0 | 41.5 | muy_alto | 0 |
| 2023-02-26 | 0 | 0 | 35.2 | 20.3 | 24 | 9.7 | 22 | 0 | 41.9 | muy_alto | 0 |
| 2023-02-27 | 0 | 0 | 37.8 | 20.6 | 12 | 8.5 | 24.1 | 0 | 45.6 | muy_alto | 0 |
| 2023-02-28 | 0 | 0 | 36.5 | 21.3 | 19 | 14.2 | 30.2 | 0 | 51.6 | extremo | 0 |
| 2023-03-01 | 0 | 0 | 36.7 | 21.2 | 21 | 11.7 | 23.8 | 0 | 47.4 | muy_alto | 0 |
| 2023-03-02 | 0 | 0 | 37.3 | 22.8 | 19 | 17.2 | 34.9 | 0 | 54 | extremo | 0 |
| 2023-03-03 | 0 | 0 | 32.4 | 23.8 | 44 | 10.2 | 27.4 | 0.2 | 30.8 | alto | 0 |
| 2023-03-04 | 0 | 0 | 33.6 | 22.6 | 43 | 9.3 | 30.6 | 2.2 | 12.9 | moderado | 0 |
It is generated in your browser from this page’s data: one file per fire, aggregated by day and without individual hotspots.
Live widget for your story
It updates itself while the fire is still active and links to this page. Free, with the attribution shown at the bottom.
Sources for this page: GWIS (Copernicus), NASA FIRMS (VIIRS), ERA5 (ECMWF/Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0), GHSL (JRC). Open-Meteo.com · How we build fire pages: methodology
- Burnt area
- 6,817ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 22days
- 3 Feb 2023 – 24 Feb 2023
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- communes
- Started on
- 3 Feb
- 2023
- Heat detections
- 799
- in a single hotspot: 0 MW
- Danger at start
- 46
- Very high · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 281MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
HOTSPOTS BY DAY
3 Feb24 Feb
24 Feb 2023
How it evolved, day by day
3 Feb
8 Feb
13 Feb
18 Feb
23 Feb
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
38°high
34km/h · peak gust
7%lowest humidity
It had gone more than two months without rain (1 mm or more) when it started. Rain came after the fire: 2.2 mm on 4 Mar.
This area had burned before
93% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 1,065 ha in 2017, 1,053 ha in 2019, 5,590 ha in 2020, 5,411 ha in 2021, 4,196 ha in 2022. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 6,327 ha that had burned before.
- 5,590 ha Ngambé-Tikar fire, January 2020 20,598 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 5,331 ha Ngambé-Tikar fire, February 2021 20,565 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 4,196 ha Ngambé-Tikar fire, February 2022 9,093 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,053 ha Ngambé-Tikar fire, February 2019 1,054 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 797 ha Ngambé-Tikar fire, February 2017 4,443 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 268 ha Ngambé-Tikar fire, February 2017 1,473 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 79 ha Ngambé-Tikar fire, February 2021 1,826 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Ngambé-Tikar where it started6,865 ha1.0 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2025Built-up area0.23 ha
Residents≈ 30
Inside the perimeter there were about 0.23 hectares of built-up land and about 30 residents (GHSL 2025, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned. The GHSL 2025 epoch is a projection made from 2020 and earlier data.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
Started with 60 days without rain: 50 % of the area in Cameroon
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 Feb | 37.2 °C | 15 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 4 Feb | 37.2 °C | 13 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 5 Feb | 37.8 °C | 7 % | 28 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 53 |
| 6 Feb | 35.7 °C | 17 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 50 |
| 7 Feb | 35.5 °C | 13 % | 25 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 8 Feb | 36.7 °C | 14 % | 25 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 9 Feb | 35.2 °C | 16 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 10 Feb | 36.8 °C | 10 % | 29 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 11 Feb | 36.3 °C | 11 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 12 Feb | 37.4 °C | 13 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 13 Feb | 35.7 °C | 13 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 14 Feb | 35.6 °C | 14 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 53 |
| 15 Feb | 34.7 °C | 15 % | 20 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 45 |
| 16 Feb | 33.5 °C | 20 % | 22 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 17 Feb | 34.8 °C | 14 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 18 Feb | 35.0 °C | 17 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 19 Feb | 35.1 °C | 20 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 20 Feb | 35.5 °C | 18 % | 19 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
| 21 Feb | 36.4 °C | 17 % | 22 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
| 22 Feb | 35.7 °C | 25 % | 21 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 43 |
| 23 Feb | 35.9 °C | 19 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 43 |
| 24 Feb | 35.8 °C | 23 % | 20 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 25 Feb after | 35.7 °C | 21 % | 22 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
| 26 Feb after | 35.2 °C | 24 % | 22 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
| 27 Feb after | 37.8 °C | 12 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 28 Feb after | 36.5 °C | 19 % | 30 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 1 Mar after | 36.7 °C | 21 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 2 Mar after | 37.3 °C | 19 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 54 |
| 3 Mar after | 32.4 °C | 44 % | 27 km/h | 0.2 mm | High 31 |
| 4 Mar after | 33.6 °C | 43 % | 31 km/h | 2.2 mm | Moderate 13 |
Its twins: fires that started in the same weather
It started with an FWI of 45.7, a minimum humidity of 15% and more than two months without rain. Fires in the area that started in weather like this since 2016: 77.
FWI at the start
45.7
Minimum humidity
15 %
Days without rain
60+
this fire
chosen twins
rest of the area
Almost identicalSimilar
Outlines of the closest twins
This fire · Ngambé-Tikar fire, 3 February 2023
6,817 ha
22 days
FWI 45.7
Min. humidity 15 %
Ngambé-Tikar fire, February 2017
13,662 ha
35 days
FWI 45.7
Min. humidity 15 %
16 km away, in 2017
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
Bankim fire, February 2020
1,204 ha
18 days
FWI 46.1
Min. humidity 15 %
21 km away, in 2020
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
Ngambé-Tikar fire, February 2016
1,531 ha
19 days
FWI 46.3
Min. humidity 15 %
20 km away, in 2016
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: 3.9 mm on 4 Mar.
Ngambé-Tikar fire, February 2024
11,174 ha
23 days
FWI 45.7
Min. humidity 16 %
17 km away, in 2024
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: 11.5 mm on 17 Mar.
Ngambé-Tikar fire, February 2016
4,962 ha
22 days
FWI 44.4
Min. humidity 15 %
23 km away, in 2016
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: 1.6 mm on 7 Mar.
What happened to them
- 15 days
- median duration
- 1,475 ha
- median area
- 100 %
- went past 1,000 ha
- 6.4 mm
- rain at the end (median; 41 of 77 had it)
It was 4.6 times larger than the median of its twins and lasted 22 days, against 15 days.
Only 8 of its 77 twins burned more. The weather on the first day does not explain everything: the wind in the following days, the fuel and the firefighting also count. In 36 of 77, not even 1 mm fell in the ten days after the end: they went out without rain. In the rest, the first rainy day brought a median of 6.4 mm.
This is a bank of analogues: it shows what usually happens, not what will happen. With fewer than 15 twins we give no figures. How we calculate it
How it ended
2.2 mmfirst rain
4 Mar8 days after it ended
34km/h · max. gust
It was considered over on 24 Feb, and on 4 Mar 2.2 mm fell. We do not know whether the rain or the firefighters put it out. Twins with rain when they ended: 41 of 77, with a median of 6.4 mm.
Weather on this page: Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
How a twin is chosen
- Same area: fires that have already ended, less than 250 km from this one, since 2016.
- Same start: we compare the FWI on the first day, the minimum humidity that day and the run of days without rain before it. The slider sets how much they may differ.
- Only pages with final weather data (ERA5 reanalysis) calculated in the same way as this fire’s; agricultural and grass burns and pages with data under review are left out.
- Fires burning at the same time as this one (a week before or after) are left out: they share the same spell of weather and do not count as a precedent.
- They are sorted by similarity, and the outlines of the first five are drawn.
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
↔
Before · 27 Jan 2023
After · 3 Mar 2023
Sentinel-2 did not pass over on that day. Try another date, or use false colour, which is daily.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 19 February 2023 the air beside the fire reached 438 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 228: 15 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
PM2.5 peak438 µg/m³
Days over the guideline27 days
PM10624 µg/m³
Optical depth3.27
WHO 15
1 Feb7 Feb13 Feb19 Feb25 Feb
Good
Fair
Moderate
Poor
Very poor
Extremely poor
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 0Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
⬇ Download CSV
Times in UTC. Each detection is a 375 m pixel: a large fire yields hundreds per pass.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 20,598 haNgambé-TikarJanuary 2020 · 54 days · 12 km away
- 117,779 haNgambé-Tikar7 February 2026 · 45 days · 14 km away
- 27,810 haNgambé-Tikar9 February 2025 · 39 days · 15 km away
- 11,440 haNgambé-Tikar3 February 2023 · 22 days · 15 km away
- 13,662 haNgambé-Tikar6 February 2017 · 35 days · 16 km away
- 35,334 haNgambé-TikarJanuary 2023 · 45 days · 17 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Ngambé-Tikar fire last?
- GWIS (Copernicus) dates it between 3 February 2023 and 24 February 2023: 22 days between the first and last heat detection of the perimeter.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 6,817 hectares (68.2 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Ngambé-Tikar (6,865 ha, 1.0 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 37.8 °C, humidity dropped to 7 % and gusts hit 34 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 53, class Extreme.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Cameroon (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
- How did the fires that started in similar weather in this area end?
- Fires less than 250 km away that started since 2016 with a similar FWI, humidity and dry spell: 77. Their median duration was 15 days and their median area 1,475 ha; 100 % went past 1,000 ha. Only 8 of its 77 twins burned more. The weather on the first day does not explain everything: the wind in the following days, the fuel and the firefighting also count. In 36 of 77, not even 1 mm fell in the ten days after the end: they went out without rain. In the rest, the first rainy day brought a median of 6.4 mm.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Satellite cross-check
History of this page · 4 Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
- Last day with fire: 3 March 2023 → 24 February 2023.
- Start date: 27 January 2023 → 3 February 2023.
- Last day with fire: 24 February 2023 → 3 March 2023.
- Start date: 3 February 2023 → 27 January 2023.
RSS Changes to this page With cross-checks and a citable version
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates from the perimeter: the VIIRS detections inside it did not change them. No Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2025, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM3 (Open Data Commons Open Database License 1.0). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.