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Mvolo fire, 4 December 2025 Mundri West, Mvolo, Maridi

Out · last detection 22 Dec 2025, 11:48 UTC

The fire started on 4 December 2025 in Mvolo, South Sudan, and satellites saw it burning for 19 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 11,997 hectares from heat detections, spread across 3 municipalities.

It is the 114th largest in Western Equatoria since 2016 (of 359 with a page). Number 90 in South Sudan in 2025, of 292.

Compare with…

Suggestions: Mvolo · 2017Mundri West · 2016Mundri West · 2023Mundri West · 2021

Burnt area
11,997ha
GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
Duration
19days
4 Dec 2025 – 22 Dec 2025
Municipalities hit
3
counties
Started on
4 Dec
2025
Heat detections
252
in a single hotspot: 110 MW
Danger at start
40
Very high · FWI index
Average daily power
209MW
detected power per day, on average

Where it burned

HOTSPOTS BY DAY 4 Dec22 Dec
22 Dec 2025

How it evolved, day by day

5 Dec 2025 · 10 MW · 2 6 Dec 2025 · 17 MW · 2 7 Dec 2025 · 8 MW · 2 8 Dec 2025 · 13 MW · 2 10 Dec 2025 · 8 MW · 4 11 Dec 2025 · 89 MW · 3 12 Dec 2025 · 720 MW · 43 13 Dec 2025 · 257 MW · 22 14 Dec 2025 · 47 MW · 6 15 Dec 2025 · 96 MW · 14 16 Dec 2025 · 366 MW · 41 17 Dec 2025 · 685 MW · 30 18 Dec 2025 · 196 MW · 16 19 Dec 2025 · 349 MW · 27 20 Dec 2025 · 681 MW · 35 21 Dec 2025 · 7 MW · 2 22 Dec 2025 · 4 MW · 1
5 Dec 8 Dec 12 Dec 15 Dec 18 Dec 21 Dec

Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.

The weather it burned in

36°high
42km/h · peak gust
20%lowest humidity

It had gone 25 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.

This area had burned before

87% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 3,938 ha in 2016, 3,968 ha in 2017, 5,592 ha in 2020, 4,715 ha in 2021, 5 ha in 2022, 2,333 ha in 2023, 5,447 ha in 2024. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 10,458 ha that had burned before.

How big is it?

10 km
It burned the equivalent of 7.6% of the area of London (120 km² against 1,583 km²).

London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).

This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.

What happened to each town

  1. Mundri West
    10,813 ha reached on 6 Dec
    1.8 %
  2. Mvolo where it started
    931 ha reached on 5 Dec
    0.2 %
  3. Maridi
    339 ha reached on 7 Dec
    0.0 %

Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.

People and buildings inside the perimeter

GHSL 2025
Built-up area< 0.1 ha
Residents< 20

Inside the perimeter there was no noticeable built-up land and almost nobody lived there (GHSL 2025, satellite-based estimate).

This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned. The GHSL 2025 epoch is a projection made from 2020 and earlier data.

Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu

The weather day by day

ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.

Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)

Day High Min. humidity Peak gust Rain Danger (FWI)
4 Dec 36.0 °C 24 % 38 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 40
5 Dec 35.0 °C 27 % 27 km/h 0.0 mm High 34
6 Dec 35.0 °C 27 % 33 km/h 0.0 mm High 37
7 Dec 35.4 °C 30 % 42 km/h 0.0 mm High 37
8 Dec 35.5 °C 27 % 37 km/h 0.0 mm High 37
9 Dec 34.4 °C 26 % 30 km/h 0.0 mm High 36
10 Dec 32.7 °C 34 % 34 km/h 0.0 mm High 32
11 Dec 34.2 °C 25 % 31 km/h 0.0 mm High 33
12 Dec 33.1 °C 25 % 33 km/h 0.0 mm High 34
13 Dec 32.0 °C 21 % 36 km/h 0.0 mm High 37
14 Dec 33.2 °C 29 % 36 km/h 0.0 mm High 37
15 Dec 30.7 °C 39 % 37 km/h 1.3 mm High 22
16 Dec 32.0 °C 22 % 33 km/h 0.0 mm High 34
17 Dec 32.6 °C 21 % 23 km/h 0.0 mm High 33
18 Dec 32.3 °C 20 % 34 km/h 0.0 mm High 38
19 Dec 32.1 °C 21 % 35 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 38
20 Dec 33.4 °C 23 % 27 km/h 0.0 mm High 36
21 Dec 33.7 °C 25 % 33 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 39
22 Dec 33.6 °C 34 % 30 km/h 0.2 mm High 35
23 Dec after 34.4 °C 35 % 34 km/h 0.8 mm High 29
24 Dec after 34.2 °C 30 % 29 km/h 0.0 mm High 31
25 Dec after 34.6 °C 27 % 28 km/h 0.0 mm High 32
26 Dec after 34.9 °C 25 % 23 km/h 0.0 mm High 35
27 Dec after 35.0 °C 28 % 26 km/h 0.0 mm High 36
28 Dec after 33.1 °C 23 % 29 km/h 0.0 mm High 36
29 Dec after 32.1 °C 27 % 26 km/h 0.0 mm High 35
30 Dec after 31.9 °C 20 % 22 km/h 0.0 mm High 35
31 Dec after 32.0 °C 19 % 23 km/h 0.0 mm High 36
1 Jan after 35.0 °C 20 % 29 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 41

Before and after, from space

Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.

Before · 27 Nov 2025
After · 29 Dec 2025

If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.

The smoke

CAMS · Copernicus

On 22 December 2025 the air beside the fire reached 94 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 54: 3.6 times the WHO daily guideline (15).

PM2.5 peak94 µg/m³
Days over the guideline18 days
PM1096 µg/m³
Optical depth0.72
8910111213141516171819202122232425
Good Fair Moderate Poor Very poor Extremely poor

Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.

Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)

Detections table · 252Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
⬇ Download CSV Times in UTC. Each detection is a 375 m pixel: a large fire yields hundreds per pass.
Date and timeSatelliteFRP (MW)LatLon

Other fires nearby

All fires in South Sudan ›

Frequently asked questions

How long did the Mvolo fire last?
According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 4 December 2025 to 22 December 2025 (19 days). The perimeter dates it from 10 December 2025 to 22 December 2025.
How much area did it burn?
The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 11,997 hectares (120.0 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
Which municipalities burned?
The fire entered 3 municipalities: Mundri West (10,813 ha, 1.8 %); Mvolo (931 ha, 0.2 %); Maridi (339 ha, 0.0 %).
What was the weather like?
During the fire the temperature reached 36.0 °C, humidity dropped to 20 % and gusts hit 42 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 40, class Very high.
Where does this data come from?
From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of South Sudan (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.

Where to verify it

A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.

Satellite cross-check

History of this page · 1 Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
  1. Start date: 10 December 2025 → 4 December 2025.

RSS Changes to this page

Does something look wrong on this page?

This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.

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How we know this
  • Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery; 2 polygons grouped in this page.
  • Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 10 December 2025 to 22 December 2025. 252 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
  • We have not matched this page with any official record.
  • Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
  • Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2025, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.

How we build fire pages: methodology ›

Where this data comes from

The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organisations (CC BY 3.0 IGO)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.