Mpulungu fire, 16 August 2025 Mpulungu
The fire started on 16 August 2025 in Mpulungu, Zambia, and satellites saw it burning for 19 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 3,214 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 558th largest in Northern since 2016 (of 629 with a page). Number 234 in Zambia in 2025, of 271.
Compare with…
- Burnt area
- 3,214ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 19days
- 16 Aug 2025 – 3 Sept 2025
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- districts
- Started on
- 16 Aug
- 2025
- Heat detections
- 109
- in a single hotspot: 65 MW
- Danger at start
- 39
- Very high · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 96MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone more than two months without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
35% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 580 ha in 2016, 739 ha in 2017, 1 ha in 2018, 11 ha in 2019, 1 ha in 2024. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 1,132 ha that had burned before.
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Mpulungu where it started3,234 ha reached on 16 Aug0.3 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2025Inside the perimeter there were about 1.5 hectares of built-up land and about 200 residents (GHSL 2025, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned. The GHSL 2025 epoch is a projection made from 2020 and earlier data.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20 Aug | 27.0 °C | 22 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 39 |
| 21 Aug | 27.5 °C | 21 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 22 Aug | 28.0 °C | 21 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 23 Aug | 27.0 °C | 22 % | 47 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 45 |
| 24 Aug | 28.0 °C | 24 % | 29 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 36 |
| 25 Aug | 29.7 °C | 27 % | 25 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 36 |
| 26 Aug | 31.5 °C | 15 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 27 Aug | 28.1 °C | 24 % | 44 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 28 Aug | 30.0 °C | 20 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 43 |
| 29 Aug | 30.1 °C | 15 % | 49 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 51 |
| 30 Aug | 28.9 °C | 19 % | 44 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 31 Aug | 28.3 °C | 21 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 45 |
| 1 Sept | 29.1 °C | 14 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 2 Sept | 28.7 °C | 20 % | 48 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 51 |
| 3 Sept | 28.9 °C | 21 % | 47 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 50 |
| 4 Sept after | 29.4 °C | 18 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 5 Sept after | 29.7 °C | 15 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 6 Sept after | 30.8 °C | 15 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 44 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 25 August 2025 the air beside the fire reached 125 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 77: 5.1 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 109Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 9,811 haMpulungu4 August 2018 · 18 days · 21 km away
- 7,933 haMpulungu23 August 2019 · 17 days · 22 km away
- 32,256 haMpulunguJuly 2026 · 52 days · 23 km away
- 12,698 haMpulungu27 August 2026 · 15 days · 33 km away
- 9,439 haMpulungu1 September 2020 · 19 days · 38 km away
- 17,434 haMpulungu13 August 2025 · 27 days · 40 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Mpulungu fire last?
- According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 16 August 2025 to 3 September 2025 (19 days). The perimeter dates it from 20 August 2025 to 27 August 2025.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 3,214 hectares (32.1 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Mpulungu (3,234 ha, 0.3 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 31.5 °C, humidity dropped to 15 % and gusts hit 47 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 47, class Very high.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Zambia (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Satellite cross-check
History of this page · 2 Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
- Last day with fire: 27 August 2025 → 3 September 2025.
- Start date: 20 August 2025 → 16 August 2025.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 20 August 2025 to 27 August 2025. 109 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2025, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.