Menderes fire, September 2023 Menderes
The fire started on 16 September 2023 in Menderes, Türkiye, and satellites saw it burning for 4 days. Copernicus mapped a burnt perimeter of 257 hectares from satellite imagery, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 32th largest in İzmir since 2016 (of 68 with a page). Number 28 in Türkiye in 2023, of 73.
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- Burnt area
- 257ha
- Copernicus perimeter
- Duration
- 4days
- 16 Sept 2023 – 19 Sept 2023
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- districts
- Started on
- 16 Sept
- 2023
- Heat detections
- 18
- in a single hotspot: 195 MW
- Danger at start
- 36
- High · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 417MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone 10 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
54% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 140 ha in 2017.
What happened to each town
-
258 ha reached on 16 Sept0.3 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the official perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
What burned
- Coniferous forest97 %
- Agricultural areas2.7 %
Land cover inside the perimeter according to Corine Land Cover, as reported by Copernicus.
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16 Sept | 31.7 °C | 25 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 36 |
| 17 Sept | 31.5 °C | 33 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 37 |
| 18 Sept | 29.7 °C | 39 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 19 Sept | 29.4 °C | 36 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 20 Sept after | 28.6 °C | 37 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 33 |
| 21 Sept after | 29.2 °C | 34 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 32 |
| 22 Sept after | 31.4 °C | 31 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 31 |
| 23 Sept after | 33.0 °C | 34 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 32 |
| 24 Sept after | 34.2 °C | 27 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 37 |
| 25 Sept after | 30.4 °C | 40 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 27 |
| 26 Sept after | 30.7 °C | 45 % | 22 km/h | 0.1 mm | High 26 |
| 27 Sept after | 27.8 °C | 55 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 21 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 17 September 2023 the air beside the fire reached 16 µg/m³ of PM2.5, but no daily average passed the WHO guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 18Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Menderes fire last?
- According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 16 September 2023 to 19 September 2023 (4 days). The perimeter dates it from 16 September 2023 to 17 September 2023.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter Copernicus measured from satellite imagery is 257 hectares (2.6 km²). Official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Menderes (258 ha, 0.3 %).
- Did the fire reach a town?
- The fire started in Menderes and came within 12.1 km of its centre. That is the distance from the perimeter, or the nearest hotspot, to the point marking the centre; it does not mean it entered the houses.
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 31.7 °C, humidity dropped to 25 % and gusts hit 41 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 37, class High.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the EFFIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Türkiye (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 112 · Emergency number and official warnings ›
Satellite cross-check
History of this page Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
No changes since 24 October 2026.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: EFFIS (Copernicus), mapped on satellite imagery.
- Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 16 September 2023 to 17 September 2023. 18 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter and land cover come from the Copernicus European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS), measured on MODIS and Sentinel-2 imagery and published under CC BY 4.0. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Open Data Commons Open Database License 1.0). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ slightly from each country’s official figure.