Maru fire, 16 November 2025 Maru
The fire started on 16 November 2025 in Maru, Nigeria, and satellites saw it burning for 18 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 2,783 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 109th largest in Zamfara since 2016 (of 210 with a page). Number 166 in Nigeria in 2025, of 294.
The power measured by the satellite is low (20.2 MW in the strongest hotspot), more typical of grass or stubble burning, or a slow surface fire, than of a large crown fire.
Compare with…
Suggestions: Maru · 2017Maru · 2022Maru · 2019Maru · 2019
- Burnt area
- 2,783ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 18days
- 16 Nov 2025 – 3 Dec 2025
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- local government areas
- Started on
- 16 Nov
- 2025
- Heat detections
- 76
- in a single hotspot: 20 MW
- Danger at start
- 37
- High · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 24MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone 41 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
100% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 1,166 ha in 2016, 1,900 ha in 2018, 1,018 ha in 2019, 76 ha in 2020, 785 ha in 2021, 1,644 ha in 2022, 339 ha in 2023, 1,597 ha in 2024. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 2,774 ha that had burned before.
- 1,498 ha Maru fire, December 2017 14,143 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 1,473 ha Maru fire, November 2022 3,249 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 638 ha Maru fire, December 2019 2,857 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 380 ha Maru fire, January 2019 2,616 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 7 ha Maru fire, December 2016 43,149 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Maru where it started2,798 ha reached on 16 Nov0.4 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2025Inside the perimeter there were about 2.5 hectares of built-up land and about 450 residents (GHSL 2025, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned. The GHSL 2025 epoch is a projection made from 2020 and earlier data.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22 Nov | 34.3 °C | 21 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 37 |
| 23 Nov | 34.5 °C | 20 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 37 |
| 24 Nov | 34.6 °C | 19 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 41 |
| 25 Nov | 34.7 °C | 22 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
| 26 Nov | 35.6 °C | 23 % | 29 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 39 |
| 27 Nov | 36.0 °C | 25 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 39 |
| 28 Nov | 36.3 °C | 24 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 45 |
| 29 Nov | 36.6 °C | 22 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 45 |
| 30 Nov | 35.2 °C | 22 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 1 Dec | 35.0 °C | 21 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 2 Dec | 33.6 °C | 30 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 3 Dec | 34.9 °C | 24 % | 20 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 4 Dec after | 34.2 °C | 27 % | 17 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 5 Dec after | 35.2 °C | 26 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 36 |
| 6 Dec after | 34.1 °C | 27 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 7 Dec after | 32.5 °C | 24 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
| 8 Dec after | 31.8 °C | 25 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 43 |
| 9 Dec after | 31.9 °C | 28 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 43 |
| 10 Dec after | 31.5 °C | 26 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 11 Dec after | 32.8 °C | 25 % | 29 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 39 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 1 December 2025 the air beside the fire reached 263 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 202: 13 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 76Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 14,143 haMaru22 December 2017 · 28 days · 13 km away
- 43,149 haMaru7 December 2016 · 38 days · 18 km away
- 15,860 haMaru23 December 2017 · 22 days · 24 km away
- 14,869 haMaru27 November 2016 · 25 days · 34 km away
- 16,590 haMaru16 January 2020 · 30 days · 37 km away
- 5,682 haMaru18 November 2021 · 9 days · 37 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Maru fire last?
- According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 16 November 2025 to 3 December 2025 (18 days). The perimeter dates it from 22 November 2025 to 1 December 2025.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 2,783 hectares (27.8 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Maru (2,798 ha, 0.4 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 36.6 °C, humidity dropped to 19 % and gusts hit 39 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 46, class Very high.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Nigeria (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 112 · Emergency number and official warnings ›
Satellite cross-check
History of this page · 2 Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
- Last day with fire: 1 December 2025 → 3 December 2025.
- Start date: 22 November 2025 → 16 November 2025.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 22 November 2025 to 1 December 2025. 76 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2025, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.