Burned area
satellite only272ha
Perimeter published by EFFIS (Copernicus).
- Source
- EFFIS (Copernicus)
- Date
- perimeter revised on 26 January 2022
+− cross-check
No official record is matched to this page to compare it with.
IT · Italy · –
Mammola fire, July 2021 Mammola, Agnana Calabra, Grotteria
Out · last detection 2 Aug 2021, 01:28 UTC
The fire started on 30 July 2021 in Mammola, Italy, and satellites saw it burning for 4 days. Copernicus mapped a burnt perimeter of 272 hectares from satellite imagery, spread across 3 municipalities.
It is the 27th largest in Reggio di Calabria since 2016 (of 101 with a page). Number 105 in Italy in 2021, of 291.
The power measured by the satellite is low (15.2 MW in the strongest hotspot), more typical of grass or stubble burning, or a slow surface fire, than of a large crown fire.
Use this data
Compare with…
Use this data
Fire page data · version 2026-10-24matches the official recordwith caveatssatellite onlymodel
When copying, the sentence is
Tick the figures you want: they make up the lede and the CSV.
Duration by satellite
satellite only4days
30 Jul 2021 to 2 Aug 2021: first and last day with fire on the page.
- Source
- EFFIS (Copernicus) · NASA FIRMS · VIIRS
- Date
- last detection: 2 Aug 2021, 01:28 UTC
+− cross-check
Satellites pass a few times a day and cloud or smoke can hide the fire: a lack of detections is not an official extinction. Each country’s emergency service declares a fire contained or out.
Start
satellite only30 Jul 2021
First day with fire seen by the satellites or the perimeter.
- Source
- EFFIS (Copernicus) · NASA FIRMS · VIIRS
- Date
- 30 Jul 2021
+− cross-check
No official record is matched to this page, so the alert time and the cause are not known here.
Hotspots
satellite only12
VIIRS detections at 375 m. Most intense hotspot: 15 MW.
- Source
- NASA FIRMS · VIIRS (Suomi NPP)
- Date
- 30 Jul 2021 – 2 Aug 2021
+− cross-check
There is no official record to compare with. Each hotspot is a pixel detected in one satellite pass, not a separate fire.
The worst day
satellite only76MW
Total radiative power on 31 July 2021; hotspots that day: 6.
- Source
- NASA FIRMS · VIIRS (FRP)
- Date
- 31 Jul 2021
+− cross-check
Fire radiative power (FRP) measures the energy the fire gives off when the satellite passes. Added up by day, it compares intensity, not area.
Danger at the start
model21.4FWI · high
Fire Weather Index (Canadian system) computed by WorldFires for the day the fire started. Consecutive days without rain before: 11.
- Source
- WorldFires calculation (Canadian FWI system)
- Date
- 30 Jul 2021, local noon
- Model
- ERA5 0,25° (ECMWF · Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com
+− cross-check
This is an index computed from weather model data, not a measurement of the fire nor an official warning. Danger warnings are issued by each country’s authority. Emergency number and official warnings
Weather during the fire
model32.8°C · 40% RH
High of 32.8 °C and minimum humidity of 40% on 1 August 2021; gusts of 32 km/h on 2 August 2021.
- Source
- weather model at the fire’s grid cell
- Date
- 30 Jul 2021 – 2 Aug 2021
- Model
- ERA5 0,25° (ECMWF · Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com
+− cross-check
These are model values for a cell of about 25 km, not from a weather station: they may differ from what was measured on the ground.
This page’s change log has been kept since 24 October 2026: every night what it publishes is compared and the difference is logged. Anything earlier is reconstructed from each source’s date and marked as reconstructed.
Show
-
· reconstructed weatherWeather and FWI computed from the ERA5 reanalysis
-
· reconstructed perimeterEFFIS (Copernicus) revises the perimeter
What was saved on 24 October 2026
Every night a snapshot of what the page shows is saved. If anything changes, it appears in the list as a log entry.
- Area
- 272 ha
- Dates
- 30 Jul 2021 – 2 Aug 2021
- Name
- Mammola
- Official record
- —
Versioned permanent link
https://worldfires.org/en/fire/mammola-2021-07?v=2026-10-24A version keeps the area, dates, name and official record; the area as it was logged (changes under 2% are not logged). The map, hotspots and weather always show today’s data.
Citation
A lede of about 60 words figures only, no adjectives
CSV for this fire mammola-2021-07.csv · daily, no individual hotspots
| fecha | focos_viirs | frp_mw | tmax_c | tmin_c | hr_min_pct | viento_max_kmh | racha_max_kmh | precip_mm | fwi | clase_fwi | dentro_del_incendio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021-07-30 | 0 | 0 | 32.6 | 25.2 | 33 | 10.8 | 22.7 | 0 | 21.4 | alto | 1 |
| 2021-07-31 | 6 | 76 | 30.3 | 23.9 | 41 | 11.7 | 27 | 0 | 22 | alto | 1 |
| 2021-08-01 | 5 | 20 | 32.8 | 24.8 | 40 | 13.4 | 26.6 | 0 | 23.1 | alto | 1 |
| 2021-08-02 | 1 | 6 | 30.7 | 23.7 | 52 | 14 | 31.7 | 0 | 21.2 | moderado | 1 |
| 2021-08-03 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 23.4 | 52 | 13.3 | 26.3 | 0 | 25.3 | alto | 0 |
| 2021-08-04 | 0 | 0 | 30.6 | 23 | 50 | 12.5 | 23 | 0 | 24.8 | alto | 0 |
| 2021-08-05 | 0 | 0 | 28.5 | 22.2 | 52 | 18.1 | 38.9 | 0 | 19.2 | moderado | 0 |
| 2021-08-06 | 0 | 0 | 26.5 | 21.3 | 52 | 20.1 | 45.7 | 0 | 24.9 | alto | 0 |
| 2021-08-07 | 0 | 0 | 27.3 | 20.3 | 46 | 11.7 | 27 | 0 | 21.2 | moderado | 0 |
| 2021-08-08 | 0 | 0 | 29.3 | 21.4 | 52 | 16.7 | 31.3 | 0 | 28.9 | alto | 0 |
| 2021-08-09 | 0 | 0 | 31.2 | 23.8 | 44 | 13.8 | 24.5 | 0 | 23 | alto | 0 |
| 2021-08-10 | 0 | 0 | 32.2 | 25.3 | 38 | 14.1 | 27 | 0 | 27.5 | alto | 0 |
| 2021-08-11 | 0 | 0 | 34 | 24.7 | 32 | 15.5 | 32.4 | 0 | 37.5 | alto | 0 |
| 2021-08-12 | 0 | 0 | 29.7 | 23.2 | 52 | 11.2 | 26.3 | 0 | 25.8 | alto | 0 |
It is generated in your browser from this page’s data: one file per fire, aggregated by day and without individual hotspots.
Live widget for your story
It updates itself while the fire is still active and links to this page. Free, with the attribution shown at the bottom.
Sources for this page: EFFIS (Copernicus), NASA FIRMS (VIIRS), ERA5 (ECMWF/Copernicus C3S) · Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0). Open-Meteo.com · How we build fire pages: methodology
- Burnt area
- 272ha
- Copernicus perimeter
- Duration
- 4days
- 30 Jul 2021 – 2 Aug 2021
- Municipalities hit
- 3
- municipalities
- Started on
- 30 Jul
- 2021
- Heat detections
- 12
- in a single hotspot: 15 MW
- Danger at start
- 21
- High · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 34MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
HOTSPOTS BY DAY
30 Jul2 Aug
2 Aug 2021
How it evolved, day by day
31 Jul
1 Aug
2 Aug
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
33°high
32km/h · peak gust
33%lowest humidity
It had gone 11 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
16% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 42 ha in 2017, 1 ha in 2020.
What happened to each town
-
271 ha reached on 31 Jul3.4 %
-
Agnana Calabra 467 inhabitants · 2.4 km from the centre1 ha0.1 %
-
0 ha reached on 1 Aug0.0 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the official perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
What burned
- Scrub and transitional woodland75 %
- Agricultural areas18 %
- Other natural land6.6 %
Land cover inside the perimeter according to Corine Land Cover, as reported by Copernicus.
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30 Jul | 32.6 °C | 33 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 21 |
| 31 Jul | 30.3 °C | 41 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 22 |
| 1 Aug | 32.8 °C | 40 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 23 |
| 2 Aug | 30.7 °C | 52 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 21 |
| 3 Aug after | 30.0 °C | 52 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 25 |
| 4 Aug after | 30.6 °C | 50 % | 23 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 25 |
| 5 Aug after | 28.5 °C | 52 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 19 |
| 6 Aug after | 26.5 °C | 52 % | 46 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 25 |
| 7 Aug after | 27.3 °C | 46 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | Moderate 21 |
| 8 Aug after | 29.3 °C | 52 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 29 |
| 9 Aug after | 31.2 °C | 44 % | 24 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 23 |
| 10 Aug after | 32.2 °C | 38 % | 27 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 28 |
| 11 Aug after | 34.0 °C | 32 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 38 |
| 12 Aug after | 29.7 °C | 52 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 26 |
Its twins: fires that started in the same weather
It started with an FWI of 21.4, a minimum humidity of 33% and 11 days without rain. Fires in the area that started in weather like this since 2016: 39.
FWI at the start
21.4
Minimum humidity
33 %
Days without rain
11
this fire
chosen twins
rest of the area
Almost identicalSimilar
Outlines of the closest twins
This fire · Mammola fire, July 2021
272 ha
4 days
FWI 21.4
Min. humidity 33 %
Montebello Jonico fire, August 2020
109 ha
2 days
FWI 22.0
Min. humidity 32 %
58 km away, in 2020
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
Canolo fire, August 2017
197 ha
5 days
FWI 22.6
Min. humidity 35 %
6 km away, in 2017
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: none in the following ten days.
Castiglione di Sicilia fire, August 2020
237 ha
9 days
FWI 20.1
Min. humidity 32 %
107 km away, in 2020
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: 2.7 mm on 31 Aug.
Catanzaro fire, June 2022
110 ha
2 days
FWI 20.1
Min. humidity 36 %
69 km away, in 2022
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: 2.0 mm on 3 Jul.
Reggio di Calabria fire, August 2017
151 ha
3 days
FWI 24.4
Min. humidity 36 %
44 km away, in 2017
First rain (1 mm or more) after it ended: 1.8 mm on 11 Aug.
What happened to them
- 2 days
- median duration
- 177 ha
- median area
- 3 %
- went past 1,000 ha
- 3.4 mm
- rain at the end (median; 31 of 39 had it)
It was 1.5 times larger than the median of its twins and lasted 4 days, against 2 days.
Only 11 of its 39 twins burned more. The weather on the first day does not explain everything: the wind in the following days, the fuel and the firefighting also count. In 8 of 39, not even 1 mm fell in the ten days after the end: they went out without rain. In the rest, the first rainy day brought a median of 3.4 mm.
This is a bank of analogues: it shows what usually happens, not what will happen. With fewer than 15 twins we give no figures. How we calculate it
How it ended
—first rain
—no rain in ten days
32km/h · max. gust
It was considered over on 2 Aug, and not even 1 mm fell in the following ten days: it went out without rain. Twins with rain when they ended: 31 of 39, with a median of 3.4 mm.
Weather on this page: Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
How a twin is chosen
- Same area: fires that have already ended, less than 250 km from this one, since 2016.
- Same start: we compare the FWI on the first day, the minimum humidity that day and the run of days without rain before it. The slider sets how much they may differ.
- Only pages with final weather data (ERA5 reanalysis) calculated in the same way as this fire’s; agricultural and grass burns and pages with data under review are left out.
- Fires burning at the same time as this one (a week before or after) are left out: they share the same spell of weather and do not count as a precedent.
- They are sorted by similarity, and the outlines of the first five are drawn.
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
↔
Before · 23 Jul 2021
After · 9 Aug 2021
Sentinel-2 did not pass over on that day. Try another date, or use false colour, which is daily.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
The smoke
CAMS · CopernicusOn 1 August 2021 the air beside the fire reached 32 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 25: 1.7 times the WHO daily guideline (15).
PM2.5 peak32 µg/m³
Days over the guideline8 days
PM1055 µg/m³
WHO 15
29 Jul31 Jul2 Aug4 Aug
Good
Fair
Moderate
Poor
Very poor
Extremely poor
Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)
Detections table · 12Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
⬇ Download CSV
Times in UTC. Each detection is a 375 m pixel: a large fire yields hundreds per pass.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Mammola fire last?
- According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 30 July 2021 to 2 August 2021 (4 days). The perimeter dates it from 31 July 2021 to 2 August 2021.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter Copernicus measured from satellite imagery is 272 hectares (2.7 km²). Official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire entered 3 municipalities: Mammola (271 ha, 3.4 %); Agnana Calabra (1 ha, 0.1 %); Grotteria (0 ha, 0.0 %).
- Did the fire reach a town?
- The fire came within 2.4 km of the centre of Agnana Calabra, the closest of the areas it touched. That is the distance from the perimeter, or the nearest hotspot, to the point marking the centre; it does not mean it entered the houses.
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 32.8 °C, humidity dropped to 33 % and gusts hit 32 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 23, class High.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the EFFIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Italy (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
- How did the fires that started in similar weather in this area end?
- Fires less than 250 km away that started since 2016 with a similar FWI, humidity and dry spell: 39. Their median duration was 2 days and their median area 177 ha; 3 % went past 1,000 ha. Only 11 of its 39 twins burned more. The weather on the first day does not explain everything: the wind in the following days, the fuel and the firefighting also count. In 8 of 39, not even 1 mm fell in the ten days after the end: they went out without rain. In the rest, the first rainy day brought a median of 3.4 mm.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 112 · 1515 · Emergency number and official warnings
Satellite cross-check
History of this page Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
No changes since 24 October 2026.
RSS Changes to this page With cross-checks and a citable version
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: EFFIS (Copernicus), mapped on satellite imagery.
- Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 31 July 2021 to 2 August 2021. 12 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter and land cover come from the Copernicus European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS), measured on MODIS and Sentinel-2 imagery and published under CC BY 4.0. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM4 (Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ slightly from each country’s official figure.