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MacDonnell fire, 1 March 2023 MacDonnell

Out · last detection 25 Mar 2023, 04:57 UTC

The fire started on 1 March 2023 in MacDonnell, Australia, and satellites saw it burning for 25 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 26,019 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.

It is the 435th largest in Northern Territory since 2016 (of 3496 with a page). Number 203 in Australia in 2023, of 1235.

Burnt area
26,019ha
GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
Duration
25days
1 Mar 2023 – 25 Mar 2023
Municipalities hit
1
local government areas
Started on
1 Mar
2023
Heat detections
988
in a single hotspot: 348 MW
Danger at start
37
High · FWI index
Energy released
12.2GW
sum of detected power

Where it burned

25 Mar 2023
HOTSPOTS BY DAY 1 Mar25 Mar

How it evolved, day by day

1234567891011121516171819202122232425

Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.

The weather it burned in

39°high
57km/h · peak gust
9%lowest humidity

It had gone 23 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started. Rain came after the fire: 1.5 mm on 30 Mar.

This area had burned before

34% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 8,932 ha in 2019.

What happened to each town

  1. MacDonnell where it started
    25,984 ha reached on 28 Feb
    0.1 %

Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance is from the town centre to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.

The weather day by day

ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.

Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)

Day High Min. humidity Peak gust Rain Danger (FWI)
25 Feb 32.6 °C 23 % 37 km/h 0.0 mm High 37
26 Feb 33.2 °C 22 % 47 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 39
27 Feb 34.5 °C 18 % 57 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 50
28 Feb 35.1 °C 18 % 57 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 49
1 Mar 33.7 °C 21 % 57 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 50
2 Mar 31.1 °C 23 % 55 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 48
3 Mar 33.0 °C 11 % 52 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 53
4 Mar 34.5 °C 9 % 44 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 51
5 Mar 36.2 °C 9 % 29 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 47
6 Mar 36.4 °C 15 % 42 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 60
7 Mar 32.0 °C 18 % 55 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 60
8 Mar 29.5 °C 18 % 55 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 57
9 Mar 29.1 °C 19 % 50 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 53
10 Mar 31.4 °C 12 % 36 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 45
11 Mar 34.5 °C 10 % 38 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 54
12 Mar 36.0 °C 9 % 28 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 50
13 Mar 35.4 °C 10 % 38 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 53
14 Mar 36.0 °C 15 % 40 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 58
15 Mar 37.8 °C 13 % 41 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 58
16 Mar 38.6 °C 10 % 25 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 51
17 Mar 37.3 °C 10 % 31 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 54
18 Mar 36.7 °C 13 % 31 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 53
19 Mar 34.5 °C 25 % 29 km/h 0.0 mm Very high 44
20 Mar 34.8 °C 18 % 47 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 59
21 Mar 35.2 °C 17 % 47 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 57
22 Mar 35.1 °C 14 % 44 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 58
23 Mar 35.6 °C 17 % 37 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 53
24 Mar 35.6 °C 13 % 43 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 60
25 Mar 35.0 °C 12 % 40 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 57
26 Mar after 35.0 °C 15 % 30 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 51
27 Mar after 34.1 °C 21 % 32 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 51
28 Mar after 34.4 °C 21 % 31 km/h 0.0 mm Extreme 50
29 Mar after 32.1 °C 30 % 42 km/h 0.2 mm Very high 50
30 Mar after 30.1 °C 37 % 37 km/h 1.5 mm High 26

Before and after, from space

Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.

Before · 22 Feb 2023
After · 1 Apr 2023

If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.

The smoke

CAMS · Copernicus

On 16 March 2023 the air beside the fire reached 52 µg/m³ of PM2.5. That day averaged 16: 1.1 times the WHO daily guideline (15).

PM2.5 peak52 µg/m³
Days over the guideline1 day
PM1096 µg/m³
Optical depth0.24
272812345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728
Good Fair Moderate Poor Very poor Extremely poor

Particles from the Copernicus CAMS model at the centre of the perimeter; these are not measurements in each town. The pale bar is the worst hour, the solid one the daily average.

Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS)

Detections table · 988Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
⬇ Download CSV Times in UTC. Each detection is a 375 m pixel: a large fire yields hundreds per pass.
Date and timeSatelliteFRP (MW)LatLon

Other fires nearby

All fires in Australia ›

Frequently asked questions

How long did the MacDonnell fire last?
GWIS (Copernicus) dates it between 1 March 2023 and 25 March 2023: 25 days between the first and last heat detection of the perimeter.
How much area did it burn?
The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 26,019 hectares (260.2 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
Which municipalities burned?
The fire only entered MacDonnell (25,984 ha, 0.1 %).
What was the weather like?
During the fire the temperature reached 38.6 °C, humidity dropped to 9 % and gusts hit 57 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 60, class Extreme.
Where does this data come from?
From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Australia (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.

Where to verify it

A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.

Emergency number: 000

Satellite cross-check

Does something look wrong on this page?

This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.

Report an error
What do you think is wrong?

We will only use your email to reply about this report. Privacy. This is not an emergency service: if there is a fire now, call 000.

Where this data comes from

The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.