Kotdwara fire, 21 April 2016 Kotdwara
The fire started on 21 April 2016 in Kotdwara, India, and satellites saw it burning for 7 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 13,159 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 3th largest in Uttarākhand since 2016 (of 16 with a page). Number 9 in India in 2016, of 47.
The power measured by the satellite is low (26.8 MW in the strongest hotspot), more typical of grass or stubble burning, or a slow surface fire, than of a large crown fire.
- Burnt area
- 13,159ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 7days
- 21 Apr 2016 – 27 Apr 2016
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- subdistricts
- Started on
- 21 Apr
- 2016
- Heat detections
- 530
- in a single hotspot: 27 MW
- Danger at start
- 51
- Extreme · FWI index
- Energy released
- 2.9GW
- sum of detected power
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone 26 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started. Rain came after the fire: 1.8 mm on 3 May.
This area had burned before
No earlier perimeters overlap this fire since 2016, when the satellite record begins.
What happened to each town
-
Kotdwara where it started13,192 ha reached on 18 Apr12 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance is from the town centre to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14 Apr | 36.9 °C | 15 % | 44 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 51 |
| 15 Apr | 36.9 °C | 17 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 16 Apr | 38.1 °C | 25 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 17 Apr | 39.3 °C | 23 % | 25 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 40 |
| 18 Apr | 35.6 °C | 30 % | 29 km/h | 3.3 mm | Moderate 15 |
| 19 Apr | 37.6 °C | 25 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 20 Apr | 39.0 °C | 20 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 42 |
| 21 Apr | 38.3 °C | 19 % | 48 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 22 Apr | 36.0 °C | 20 % | 49 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 23 Apr | 35.9 °C | 15 % | 43 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 47 |
| 24 Apr | 35.4 °C | 14 % | 46 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 25 Apr | 37.0 °C | 12 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 51 |
| 26 Apr | 39.0 °C | 13 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 53 |
| 27 Apr | 38.7 °C | 12 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 51 |
| 28 Apr after | 38.3 °C | 15 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 53 |
| 29 Apr after | 38.1 °C | 15 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 55 |
| 30 Apr after | 38.2 °C | 15 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 1 May after | 39.1 °C | 18 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 51 |
| 2 May after | 39.4 °C | 20 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 51 |
| 3 May after | 34.8 °C | 37 % | 38 km/h | 1.8 mm | High 22 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
Detections table · 530Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Kotdwara fire last?
- GWIS (Copernicus) dates it between 21 April 2016 and 27 April 2016: 7 days between the first and last heat detection of the perimeter.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 13,159 hectares (131.6 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Kotdwara (13,192 ha, 12 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 39.3 °C, humidity dropped to 12 % and gusts hit 49 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 55, class Extreme.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of India (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Emergency number: 112
Satellite cross-check
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM3 (Open Data Commons Open Database License 1.0). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.