Karimama fire, 25 December 2018 Karimama
The fire started on 25 December 2018 in Karimama, Benin, and satellites saw it burning for 10 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 4,867 hectares from heat detections, spread across a single municipality.
It is the 46th largest in Alibori since 2016 (of 536 with a page). Number 5 in Benin in 2018, of 29.
Compare with…
- Burnt area
- 4,867ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 10days
- 25 Dec 2018 – 3 Jan 2019
- Municipalities hit
- 1
- communes
- Started on
- 25 Dec
- 2018
- Heat detections
- 166
- in a single hotspot: 50 MW
- Danger at start
- 46
- Very high · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 139MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone 57 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
28% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 845 ha in 2016, 605 ha in 2017. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 1,357 ha that had burned before.
- 604 ha Karimama fire, December 2016 1,092 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 442 ha Karimama fire, November 2017 2,460 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 184 ha Karimama fire, January 2016 1,084 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
- 163 ha Karimama fire, November 2017 9,325 ha in total; the hectares shown are those it shares with this fire
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
Karimama where it started4,893 ha reached on 25 Dec0.8 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2020Inside the perimeter there was no noticeable built-up land and almost nobody lived there (GHSL 2020, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26 Dec | 31.8 °C | 16 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 27 Dec | 33.0 °C | 14 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 45 |
| 28 Dec | 34.1 °C | 14 % | 31 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 46 |
| 29 Dec | 32.5 °C | 17 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 30 Dec | 33.5 °C | 15 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 31 Dec | 32.5 °C | 15 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 1 Jan | 32.2 °C | 16 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 51 |
| 2 Jan | 31.3 °C | 15 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 53 |
| 3 Jan | 31.6 °C | 16 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 49 |
| 4 Jan after | 31.9 °C | 17 % | 33 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 5 Jan after | 32.3 °C | 15 % | 37 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 6 Jan after | 31.1 °C | 14 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 54 |
| 7 Jan after | 31.1 °C | 15 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
| 8 Jan after | 29.2 °C | 17 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 9 Jan after | 33.3 °C | 17 % | 32 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 48 |
| 10 Jan after | 34.2 °C | 16 % | 22 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 43 |
| 11 Jan after | 36.0 °C | 16 % | 26 km/h | 0.0 mm | Very high 45 |
| 12 Jan after | 36.2 °C | 13 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 50 |
| 13 Jan after | 35.3 °C | 11 % | 34 km/h | 0.0 mm | Extreme 52 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
Detections table · 166Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
- 9,325 haKarimama19 November 2017 · 12 days · 12 km away
- 8,479 haKarimama18 January 2026 · 11 days · 16 km away
- 8,099 haKarimama14 February 2021 · 11 days · 22 km away
- 8,379 haKarimama1 February 2026 · 8 days · 24 km away
- 8,466 haKarimama19 December 2024 · 10 days · 25 km away
- 7,488 haKandi15 December 2021 · 12 days · 25 km away
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Karimama fire last?
- According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 25 December 2018 to 3 January 2019 (10 days). The perimeter dates it from 30 December 2018 to 3 January 2019.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 4,867 hectares (48.7 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire only entered Karimama (4,893 ha, 0.8 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 34.1 °C, humidity dropped to 14 % and gusts hit 39 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 53, class Extreme.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Benin (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Satellite cross-check
History of this page · 1 Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
- Start date: 26 December 2018 → 25 December 2018.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery.
- Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 30 December 2018 to 3 January 2019. 166 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2020, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM2 (Public Domain). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.