Kalaw fire, March 2019 Yamethin, Kalaw, Thazi
The fire started on 23 March 2019 in Kalaw, Myanmar, and satellites saw it burning for 22 days. Copernicus’s global GWIS system rebuilt a burnt perimeter of 5,974 hectares from heat detections, spread across 4 municipalities.
It is the 110th largest in Shan since 2016 (of 806 with a page). Number 17 in Myanmar in 2019, of 177.
Compare with…
- Burnt area
- 5,974ha
- GWIS perimeter (Copernicus)
- Duration
- 22days
- 23 Mar 2019 – 13 Apr 2019
- Municipalities hit
- 4
- municipalities
- Started on
- 23 Mar
- 2019
- Heat detections
- 189
- in a single hotspot: 166 MW
- Danger at start
- 31
- High · FWI index
- Average daily power
- 160MW
- detected power per day, on average
Where it burned
How it evolved, day by day
Fire radiative power detected each day, in megawatts, and number of hotspots. The magenta bar marks the peak day.
The weather it burned in
It had gone 17 days without rain (1 mm or more) when it started.
This area had burned before
67% of the perimeter overlaps earlier fires recorded since 2016: 2,958 ha in 2016, 2,709 ha in 2017. Part of it burned more than once, so the yearly figures add up to more than the 3,982 ha that had burned before.
How big is it?
London boundary: geoBoundaries · Office for National Statistics (Open Government Licence v3.0).
Paris boundary: geoBoundaries · Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière (IGN-F) (Etalab Open License 2.0).
Madrid boundary: geoBoundaries · Open Data ESRI, IGN Central Registry of Cartography Area (CC BY 4.0).
Berlin boundary: geoBoundaries · Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (dl-de/by-2-0).
This compares size, not location: both shapes are at the same scale, north up, centred on each other.
What happened to each town
-
3,971 ha reached on 28 Mar1.8 %
-
Kalaw where it started919 ha reached on 23 Mar0.6 %
-
895 ha reached on 29 Mar0.4 %
-
219 ha reached on 3 Apr0.1 %
Burnt area inside each municipality, from crossing the GWIS perimeter with administrative boundaries. The distance runs from the point marking the centre of each area to the nearest fire: staying a kilometre away does not mean it reached the houses.
People and buildings inside the perimeter
GHSL 2020Inside the perimeter there was no noticeable built-up land and almost nobody lived there (GHSL 2020, satellite-based estimate).
This is an estimate on 100 m cells, made from satellite imagery and census data: it does not mean that homes burned or that anyone was harmed. The perimeter also contains land that never burned.
Source: Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S and GHS-POP R2023A), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), © European Union, CC BY 4.0. Sum inside the perimeter computed by WorldFires. human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu
The weather day by day
ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, the standard reference for past weather, and the Canadian Fire Weather Index (the same system Copernicus uses), computed by WorldFires from that data. Days after the fire run until the first rain.
Open-Meteo.com (CC BY 4.0) · Copernicus Climate Change Service (ERA5)
| Day | High | Min. humidity | Peak gust | Rain | Danger (FWI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26 Mar | 33.0 °C | 29 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 31 |
| 27 Mar | 31.3 °C | 23 % | 50 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 36 |
| 28 Mar | 29.0 °C | 39 % | 45 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 31 |
| 29 Mar | 31.8 °C | 30 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 30 |
| 30 Mar | 31.9 °C | 37 % | 39 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 30 |
| 31 Mar | 32.1 °C | 30 % | 44 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 32 |
| 1 Apr | 31.0 °C | 37 % | 37 km/h | 0.1 mm | High 30 |
| 2 Apr | 32.3 °C | 38 % | 40 km/h | 0.2 mm | High 32 |
| 3 Apr | 30.8 °C | 35 % | 46 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 4 Apr | 31.2 °C | 34 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 32 |
| 5 Apr | 33.0 °C | 32 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 33 |
| 6 Apr | 31.3 °C | 38 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 31 |
| 7 Apr | 31.5 °C | 39 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 32 |
| 8 Apr | 32.4 °C | 36 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 33 |
| 9 Apr | 31.0 °C | 39 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 32 |
| 10 Apr | 32.7 °C | 25 % | 42 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 36 |
| 11 Apr | 32.3 °C | 37 % | 40 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 12 Apr | 32.9 °C | 34 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 13 Apr | 34.0 °C | 35 % | 38 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 34 |
| 14 Apr after | 34.3 °C | 37 % | 41 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 35 |
| 15 Apr after | 33.5 °C | 43 % | 35 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 30 |
| 16 Apr after | 34.7 °C | 37 % | 36 km/h | 0.0 mm | High 32 |
Before and after, from space
Drag the line to compare the same ground before the fire and after it.
If the day is cloudy, change the date: each satellite passes once a day. In false colour the burnt ground looks brown or red.
Detections table · 189Every satellite heat detection, one by one, with time, satellite, power and coordinates.
| Date and time | Satellite | FRP (MW) | Lat | Lon |
|---|
Other fires nearby
Frequently asked questions
- How long did the Kalaw fire last?
- According to the heat detections seen by satellite inside the perimeter, it burned from 23 March 2019 to 13 April 2019 (22 days). The perimeter dates it from 26 March 2019 to 6 April 2019.
- How much area did it burn?
- The perimeter GWIS (Copernicus) rebuilt from heat detections is 5,974 hectares (59.7 km²). It is an estimate: official national figures may differ.
- Which municipalities burned?
- The fire entered 4 municipalities: Yamethin (3,971 ha, 1.8 %); Kalaw (919 ha, 0.6 %); Thazi (895 ha, 0.4 %); Pinlaung (219 ha, 0.1 %).
- What was the weather like?
- During the fire the temperature reached 33.0 °C, humidity dropped to 23 % and gusts hit 50 km/h. The fire danger index (FWI) reached 36, class High.
- Where does this data come from?
- From the GWIS (Copernicus) burnt perimeter, NASA FIRMS VIIRS hotspots and the administrative boundaries of Myanmar (geoBoundaries). It is not an official report.
Where to verify it
A satellite detection is not an official report. Final figures and the fire’s status are published by each country’s emergency service.
Satellite cross-check
History of this page · 2 Changes in area, dates, name, official record or merged pages, compared every night since 24 October 2026.
- Last day with fire: 6 April 2019 → 13 April 2019.
- Start date: 26 March 2019 → 23 March 2019.
Does something look wrong on this page?
This page is built from satellite data and official records, and it sometimes gets things wrong: the wrong dates, the wrong town, two fires merged into one, or something that was not a wildfire at all. If you know this fire first-hand (you live nearby, saw it, fought it or reported on it), tell us what really happened and we will check it.
Report an error
How we know this
- Perimeter: GWIS (Copernicus), rebuilt from heat detections rather than mapped on imagery; 2 polygons grouped in this page.
- Dates adjusted with the VIIRS detections inside the perimeter, which said 26 March 2019 to 6 April 2019. 189 Suomi-NPP VIIRS detections on those dates.
- We have not matched this page with any official record.
- Weather: Copernicus ERA5 reanalysis at the fire location, in cells of about 25 km.
- Built-up area and population come from the JRC Global Human Settlement Layer (epoch 2020, 100 m cells), summed inside the perimeter: an estimate of what was there, not a damage count.
Where this data comes from
The perimeter comes from the Copernicus Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS), which rebuilds it from MODIS and VIIRS heat detections and publishes it under CC BY 4.0. It is not measured on imagery as in Europe, so it is an estimate. Heat detections come from the VIIRS sensors aboard Suomi-NPP and NOAA-20, distributed by NASA FIRMS at 375 m resolution. Municipal boundaries come from geoBoundaries ADM3 (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)). The area per municipality is computed by WorldFires by crossing the perimeter with those boundaries, so it may differ from each country’s official figure.